安东尼·吉登斯
社会结构并不凌驾于我们之上——我们通过日常行动使它们延续下去，也可以改变它们。
定位
他的结构化理论试图克服结构与行动的对立：社会结构只存在于人们的所作所为之中，而人们的所作所为又再生产着这些结构。后来成为“第三条道路”的理论家。
核心思想
- 结构化与结构的二重性
- 反身性现代性
- 纯粹关系
- 第三条道路
影响
受影响于 7
卡尔·马克思
受其影响
Giddens kept Marx’s dictum that people make history, though not under conditions of their own choosing, but rejected his evolutionism (A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, 1981). A. Giddens, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism (1981); The Constitution of Society (1984); K. Marx, Der achtzehnte Brumaire des Louis Bonaparte (1852)
依据: AI 草稿
卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883
埃米尔·涂尔干
受其影响 ✓
Giddens read Durkheim, beside Marx and Weber, as a theorist of industrial society and its division of labour (Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, 1971; Durkheim, 1978). A. Giddens, Capitalism and Modern Social Theory (1971); Émile Durkheim: Selected Writings (ed., 1972); Durkheim (1978)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
埃米尔·涂尔干 › 1858–1917
马克斯·韦伯
受其影响 ✓
Giddens interpreted Weber’s political sociology (1972) and drew on Weber’s state monopoly of violence for his theory of the nation-state (The Nation-State and Violence, 1985). A. Giddens, Politics and Sociology in the Thought of Max Weber (1972); The Nation-State and Violence (1985); Capitalism and Modern Social Theory (1971)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
马克斯·韦伯 › 1864–1920
路德维希·维特根斯坦
受其影响
Giddens took from Wittgenstein the view that knowing a rule means knowing how to go on, making practical consciousness central to structuration theory (The Constitution of Society, 1984). A. Giddens, New Rules of Sociological Method (1976); The Constitution of Society (1984); L. Wittgenstein, Philosophische Untersuchungen (1953)
依据: AI 草稿
路德维希·维特根斯坦 › 1889–1951
阿尔弗雷德·舒茨
受其影响 ✓
Giddens took up Schutz’s stocks of knowledge as actors’ ‘mutual knowledge’ but objected that Schutz neglected power and unintended consequences of action (New Rules of Sociological Method, 1976). A. Giddens, New Rules of Sociological Method (1976); The Constitution of Society (1984); SEP “Alfred Schutz”
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
阿尔弗雷德·舒茨 › 1899–1959
哈罗德·加芬克尔
受其影响
Giddens took from Garfinkel’s ethnomethodology the reflexive accountability of action, through which competent actors make conduct intelligible (New Rules of Sociological Method, 1976; The Constitution of Society, 1984). A. Giddens, New Rules of Sociological Method (1976); The Constitution of Society (1984); H. Garfinkel, Studies in Ethnomethodology (1967)
依据: AI 草稿
哈罗德·加芬克尔 › 1917–2011
欧文·戈夫曼
受其影响 ✓
Giddens treated Goffman as a systematic theorist of co-presence, using his analyses of encounters, front and back regions and tact in structuration theory (The Constitution of Society, 1984). A. Giddens, The Constitution of Society (1984); “Goffman as a Systematic Social Theorist”, in P. Drew and A. Wootton (eds.), Erving Goffman: Exploring the Interaction Order (1988)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
欧文·戈夫曼 › 1922–1982
影响了 1
安德烈亚斯·雷克维茨
影响了
Reckwitz studied social theory at Cambridge (MPhil 1994), where Giddens then taught; in “Toward a Theory of Social Practices” (2002) he counts Giddens’s theory of structuration among the versions of practice theory he builds on. A. Reckwitz, “Toward a Theory of Social Practices”, European Journal of Social Theory 5:2 (2002), 243–263; A. Reckwitz, Die Transformation der Kulturtheorien (2000)
依据: AI 草稿
安德烈亚斯·雷克维茨 › 1970年生
批评
受批评于 1
雷温·康奈尔
受其批评
Connell read Giddens’s structuration theory as metropolitan general theory claiming universal validity while ignoring colonial experience and the global South (Southern Theory, 2007, ch. 2). R. Connell, Southern Theory (2007), ch. 2 (on Coleman, Giddens and Bourdieu)
依据: AI 草稿
雷温·康奈尔 › 1944年生
批评了 1
塔尔科特·帕森斯
批评了
Giddens objected that Parsons’s normative functionalism turns actors into ‘cultural dopes’ and attributes needs to social systems, countering with structuration theory (New Rules of Sociological Method, 1976). A. Giddens, New Rules of Sociological Method (1976); Central Problems in Social Theory (1979)
依据: AI 草稿
塔尔科特·帕森斯 › 1902–1979
作品
- 1984社会的构成
结构化理论的完整阐述：结构既是它们所组织的实践的媒介，也是其结果——即“结构的二重性”。
立场
Giddens first made his name by reinterpreting the classics – Marx, Durkheim and Weber – and then set out to overcome the split between theories of structure, such as functionalism, and theories of action, such as interpretive sociology. His theory of structuration, fully set out in The Constitution of Society (1984), holds that structure and agency are not opposites. Structures – rules and resources – exist only in being drawn on by knowledgeable actors, whose actions in turn reproduce or change them, often with unintended consequences: Giddens called this the “duality of structure”. From around 1990 he turned to the nature of late modernity. Modern institutions “disembed” social relations from local contexts and stretch them across time and space through money and expert systems, which we must trust without understanding them. Tradition loses its hold, and identity becomes a reflexive project that each person must keep revising. The Transformation of Intimacy (1992) traced the rise of the “pure relationship”, which lasts only as long as both partners find it satisfying. Politically, his “Third Way” sought a renewed social democracy beyond the old left and the new right – a programme that critics accused of accommodating neoliberalism.
生平与背景
Anthony Giddens was born in London in 1938 and grew up in Edmonton in the north of the city, the son of a clerk at London Transport; he was the first in his family to go to university. He studied sociology and psychology at Hull and took a master’s degree at the London School of Economics. From 1961 he taught at the University of Leicester, where Norbert Elias was among his colleagues, and from 1969 at Cambridge, where he became professor in 1987. In 1985 he co-founded the publisher Polity Press. From 1997 to 2003 he was director of the London School of Economics and an adviser to Tony Blair’s New Labour. He gave the BBC Reith Lectures in 1999 and was made a life peer, Baron Giddens, in 2004.
其他主要作品
- Capitalism and Modern Social Theory (1971)
- New Rules of Sociological Method (1976)
- The Constitution of Society (1984)
- The Consequences of Modernity (1990)
- Modernity and Self-Identity (1991)
- The Transformation of Intimacy (1992)
- The Third Way (1998)
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