波希米亚的伊丽莎白

Agora

波希米亚的伊丽莎白

1618–1680

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

如果灵魂没有身体，它如何能推动身体？她向笛卡尔提出的这个问题，至今仍是反对把心灵与物质分开的经典异议。

定位

理性主义 · 西欧 · 心灵与意识, 形而上学, 伦理学

普法尔茨公主，后为黑尔福德的女修道院长：她在书信中问笛卡尔，非物质的灵魂如何能推动身体——这是对其二元论的经典诘难——并追问他关于激情与美好生活的看法。

核心思想

心身问题作为对笛卡尔的诘难
激情与美好生活
书信中的哲学

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批评

批评了 1

勒内·笛卡尔受其影响影响了

受其影响
From 1643 Elisabeth studied Descartes’ philosophy with him by letter; he dedicated the Principles of Philosophy (1644) to her, and in 1645 they discussed Seneca on happiness. Elisabeth of Bohemia and R. Descartes, The Correspondence, ed. and tr. L. Shapiro (2007); R. Descartes, Principia philosophiae (1644), dedication; SEP “Elisabeth of Bohemia”
依据: AI 草稿
影响了
Elisabeth’s questions about the union of mind and body and the control of the passions led Descartes to write The Passions of the Soul (1649). R. Descartes, Les Passions de l’âme (1649); Elisabeth–Descartes correspondence (1643–1649); SEP “Elisabeth of Bohemia”
依据: AI 草稿
批评了
Elisabeth asked Descartes how an unextended thinking soul could move the body, since motion seems to require contact and extension (letter of 6/16 May 1643). Elisabeth to Descartes, 6/16 May 1643 (AT III 660–662); SEP “Elisabeth of Bohemia”
依据: AI 草稿
勒内·笛卡尔 › 1596–1650

作品

1643与笛卡尔的通信
非物质的灵魂如何能推动身体？伊丽莎白的问题开启了一场长达六年的交流，涉及心灵、激情与美好生活。她本人的信件直到1879年才首次付印。

立场

In her first letter Elisabeth asks Descartes how the soul, an immaterial thinking substance, can move the body to voluntary action. Descartes answers with the notion of a primitive union of mind and body; she replies that she can more easily grant extension to the soul than the power to move a body to something immaterial. The exchange is the classic statement of the interaction problem of dualism, and her objection has never been fully answered. In later letters she turns to ethics, challenging Descartes’ Stoic advice that reason can govern the passions. Descartes’ “Passions of the Soul” (1649) grew from this correspondence; her side of it was first printed in 1879.

生平与背景

Elisabeth of the Palatinate (1618–1680), eldest daughter of the “Winter King” Frederick V of Bohemia, grew up in exile at The Hague, where she studied languages, mathematics and philosophy. She met Descartes there and corresponded with him from 1643 until his death in 1650; he dedicated his “Principles of Philosophy” to her. After years of political difficulty she became abbess of the Protestant abbey of Herford in 1667.