埃米莉·迪·夏特莱
物理学既需要牛顿的精确定律，也需要莱布尼茨更深的原理——而假说是科学的正当工具，而不是应当避免的东西。
定位
西雷的物理学家与哲学家：她的《物理学基础》把牛顿的力学与莱布尼茨的形而上学结合起来，她翻译的法文版《原理》至今仍是标准译本。
核心思想
- 牛顿与莱布尼茨的结合
- 活力（vis viva）
- 假说作为科学的工具
影响
受影响于 5
约翰·洛克
受其影响
In the Institutions de physique (1740) Du Châtelet set aside Locke’s modest view of metaphysics, arguing with Leibniz’s sufficient reason that Newtonian physics needs firmer metaphysical foundations. É. Du Châtelet, Institutions de physique (1740); R. Hagengruber (ed.), Emilie du Châtelet between Leibniz and Newton (2012); SEP “Émilie Du Châtelet”
依据: AI 草稿
约翰·洛克 › 1632–1704
艾萨克·牛顿
受其影响 ✓
Du Châtelet translated Newton’s Principia into French with a commentary of her own, completed shortly before her death in 1749 and published in 1756/1759. I. Newton, Principes mathématiques de la philosophie naturelle, tr. É. Du Châtelet (1756/1759); SEP “Émilie Du Châtelet”
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
艾萨克·牛顿 › 1643–1727
戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨
受其影响 ✓
In the Institutions de physique (1740) Du Châtelet grounded Newtonian physics on Leibniz’s principles of contradiction and sufficient reason and defended his measure of living force. É. Du Châtelet, Institutions de physique (1740; 2nd ed. 1742); SEP “Émilie Du Châtelet”
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨 › 1646–1716
克里斯蒂安·沃尔夫
受其影响
The metaphysics of Du Châtelet’s Institutions de physique (1740) follows Wolff’s version of Leibniz, learned from her tutor Samuel König, who had studied with Wolff. É. Du Châtelet, Institutions de physique (1740); SEP “Émilie Du Châtelet”
依据: AI 草稿
克里斯蒂安·沃尔夫 › 1679–1754
伏尔泰 影响了
受其影响 ✓
At Cirey, where she lived with Voltaire from 1734, Du Châtelet worked with him on Newton; for the Academy’s prize on fire (1738) she wrote her own essay. É. Du Châtelet, Dissertation sur la nature et la propagation du feu (1739; rev. 1744); Voltaire, Essai sur la nature du feu (1739); SEP “Émilie Du Châtelet”
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
影响了
Voltaire wrote his Elements of Newton’s Philosophy (1738) at Cirey with Du Châtelet’s help and acknowledged her in its dedication and frontispiece. Voltaire, Éléments de la philosophie de Newton (1738); SEP “Émilie Du Châtelet”
依据: AI 草稿
伏尔泰 › 1694–1778
批评
受批评于 1
伊曼努尔·康德
受其批评
In his first book (Living Forces, 1746/49) Kant discussed du Châtelet’s Leibnizian arguments for vis viva against Mairan and rejected parts of them. I. Kant, Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte (1746/49), §§ 44, 57, 111 (AA I 55–56, 67, 124); R. Hagengruber (ed.), Emilie du Châtelet between Leibniz and Newton (2012)
依据: AI 草稿
伊曼努尔·康德 › 1724–1804
作品
把莱布尼茨的形而上学——充足理由、活力——作为牛顿物理学的基础，为她的儿子而写。
- 约1746年论幸福
幸福需要激情、幻想和研究——这是对一位无力左右世界的女性的建议。1779年身后出版。
立场
Her “Foundations of Physics” was meant as a textbook for her son but is a work of original synthesis. Newton’s physics, she argues, needs metaphysical foundations that Newton did not supply: Leibniz’s principles of contradiction and sufficient reason, and his conception of living force (vis viva, proportional to mass times velocity squared), which she defended against the Cartesian and Newtonian measure of force. She defends hypotheses, rejected by Newton, as indispensable when properly tested. Her translation of the “Principia” with commentary remains the French standard. The “Discourse on Happiness” holds that happiness requires passions, illusions, health and the love of study, the surest resource for a woman shut out of public life.
生平与背景
Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749), born into the French court nobility, was educated privately in languages and mathematics. From 1734 she lived with Voltaire at her husband’s château at Cirey, where they built a laboratory and library; she studied with Maupertuis and Clairaut, competed anonymously for an Academy prize on the nature of fire, and translated Newton’s “Principia”. She died shortly after giving birth, having finished the translation.
其他主要作品
- Discourse on Happiness (c. 1746; published 1779)
- Translation of and commentary on Newton’s Principia (1749; published 1759)
出现在
- 旅程 ‘从伽吉到奥卢沃莱’ · 第 7 站，共 10 站
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