多萝西·E. 史密斯

Agora

多萝西·E. 史密斯

1926–2022

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

社会学应当从人们实际的日常生活出发，尤其是女性的日常生活，并追溯遥远的制度和文书工作如何组织这些生活。

定位

社会学与社会理论 · 北欧 · 社会与历史, 性别与女性主义, 认识论

“为人民”的社会学的创立者：她从女性的日常经验出发，表明文本和制度如何从远处组织我们的生活——“统治关系”。

核心思想

女性的立场
意识的分裂
统治关系
制度民族志

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影响

受影响于 2

卡尔·马克思

受其影响
Smith took from The German Ideology the method of beginning from actual people and their activities, treating knowledge as part of the ‘relations of ruling’ (1987, 1990). D. E. Smith, The Everyday World as Problematic (1987); The Conceptual Practices of Power (1990); K. Marx and F. Engels, Die deutsche Ideologie (written 1845–46, printed 1932)
依据: AI 草稿
卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883
阿尔弗雷德·舒茨

受其影响
Smith built on Schutz’s phenomenology of the everyday world but held that its order is organised extra-locally, by texts and relations of ruling (1987). D. E. Smith, The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist Sociology (1987); “Women’s Perspective as a Radical Critique of Sociology”, Sociological Inquiry 44 (1974)
依据: AI 草稿
阿尔弗雷德·舒茨 › 1899–1959

影响了 2

桑德拉·哈丁

影响了
Harding drew on Dorothy Smith’s sociology from women’s standpoint in developing feminist standpoint epistemology for the sciences (The Science Question in Feminism, 1986; Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?, 1991). S. Harding, The Science Question in Feminism (1986); Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? (1991); S. Harding (ed.), The Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader (2004); D. E. Smith, The Everyday World as Problematic (1987); SEP “Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science”
依据: AI 草稿
桑德拉·哈丁 › 1935–2025
帕特里夏·希尔·柯林斯

影响了
Collins related her Black feminist standpoint to Smith’s sociology from the standpoint of women, which begins from everyday experience rather than abstract categories (Black Feminist Thought, 1990). P. H. Collins, Black Feminist Thought (1990); D. E. Smith, The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist Sociology (1987)
依据: AI 草稿
帕特里夏·希尔·柯林斯 › 1948年生

作品

1987日常世界作为问题式
一种从女性日常经验出发的女性主义社会学，追溯文本和制度如何从外部组织这种经验。

立场

Smith began from what she called the bifurcation of consciousness. As a sociologist she was trained to think in the abstract categories of a discipline made by men and for the institutions they ran; as a mother she lived in a world of bodies, children and particular tasks that those categories could not see. In “Women’s Perspective as a Radical Critique of Sociology” (1974) and The Everyday World as Problematic (1987) she argued that sociology should begin not from theory but from the standpoint of people in their actual everyday lives, and treat that world as a problem to be explained. What explains it are the “relations of ruling”: the organisation of modern society through texts – forms, files, statistics, laws and professional knowledge – which coordinate what people do in many places at once. From this came institutional ethnography, a method of tracing how such texts organise, for instance, a mother’s work around her child’s schooling or a patient’s passage through a hospital. Smith is counted among the founders of feminist standpoint theory, though she insisted that a standpoint is a place to begin inquiry, not a privileged access to truth.

生平与背景

Dorothy Edith Smith was born in 1926 in Northallerton in Yorkshire. She worked as a secretary in publishing before studying at the London School of Economics, where she graduated in sociology in 1955. She went to the University of California, Berkeley, with her husband and took her doctorate there in 1963. After the marriage ended she raised two young sons alone while teaching – and the split between her life as a mother and her life as an academic became the starting point of her thought. In 1968 she moved to the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, where she helped to establish women’s studies, and in 1977 to the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education in Toronto. She kept publishing until the year of her death and died in Vancouver in 2022, aged 95.