戴震
谈论更高的理曾被用来压制普通的欲望——但真正的道德是对每个人都有的情感和需求作出正确的安排。
定位
清代“考据学”的文献学家：新儒学的“理”被用来压制人的欲望——真正的理是情与欲之中合宜的秩序。
核心思想
- 理在欲中
- 考据（kaozheng）
- 对新儒学之理的批判
影响
受影响于 1
孟子
受其影响
Dai Zhen’s Evidential Study of the Meaning of Terms in the Mencius (1777) recovered Mencius’ terms philologically to show that principle lies within feelings and desires. Dai Zhen, Mengzi ziyi shuzheng (1777), tr. A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius (1990)
依据: AI 草稿
孟子 › 约公元前372—前289年年
影响了 1
胡适
影响了
In The Philosophy of Dai Zhen (1927) Hu Shih presented Dai Zhen’s evidential method and his defence of human desires as a native forerunner of scientific thinking. Hu Shi, Dai Dongyuan de zhexue (1927); A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius (1990)
依据: AI 草稿
胡适 › 1891–1962
批评
批评了 2
程颐
批评了
Dai Zhen charged that the Cheng–Zhu principle (li), set apart from human desires, had let the powerful put people to death in the name of principle (Mengzi ziyi shuzheng, 1777). Dai Zhen, Mengzi ziyi shuzheng (1777), tr. A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius, 1990
依据: AI 草稿
程颐 › 1033–1107
朱熹
批评了
Dai Zhen rejected Zhu Xi’s principle as something bestowed by Heaven and residing in the mind: principle is the order within things and desires, found by study (1777). Dai Zhen, Mengzi ziyi shuzheng (1777), tr. A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius, 1990
依据: AI 草稿
朱熹 › 1130–1200
作品
- 1777孟子字义疏证
戴震通过孟子关键词的确切含义，论证新儒学的“理”是带有佛教色彩的舶来品，压抑了人的情感。
立场
Dai Zhen was the leading philosopher of Qing evidential research (kaozheng), which sought the meaning of the classics through exact philology. From the original meaning of key terms in Mencius he argued that Cheng–Zhu Neo-Confucianism had imported a Buddhist and Daoist notion of principle as a thing received from Heaven and lodged in the mind. True principle is the unerring pattern within feelings and desires, found by putting oneself in others’ place. Turned against desire, principle lets the strong condemn the weak: those who die by law are pitied, he wrote, but who pities those who die by principle? His ethics was revived by Liang Qichao and Hu Shih.
生平与背景
Dai Zhen was born in 1724 in Xiuning (Anhui), the son of a cloth merchant, and studied with the scholar Jiang Yong. From the 1750s he was famous in Beijing for work on phonology, mathematics, astronomy and geography, though he repeatedly failed the highest examination. He worked on the imperial Complete Library of the Four Treasuries from 1773 and died in Beijing in 1777.
其他主要作品
- On the Origin of Goodness (Yuan shan, 1760s)
- Evidential Commentary on the Meanings of Terms in the Mengzi (Mengzi ziyi shuzheng, 1777)
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