दाई झेन
किसी उच्चतर सिद्धांत की बातों का प्रयोग साधारण इच्छाओं को कुचलने के लिए हुआ है – पर सच्ची नैतिकता उन भावनाओं और आवश्यकताओं का उचित क्रम है जो सबमें होती हैं।
पृष्ठभूमि
किंग काल के “प्रमाण-आधारित अध्ययन” के भाषाशास्त्री: नव-कन्फ्यूशियसवादी “सिद्धांत” का उपयोग मानवीय इच्छाओं के दमन के लिए किया गया है – सच्चा सिद्धांत भावनाओं और इच्छाओं के भीतर उचित व्यवस्था है।
मुख्य विचार
- इच्छाओं में सिद्धांत
- प्रमाण-आधारित शोध (काओज़ेंग)
- नव-कन्फ्यूशियसवादी ली की आलोचना
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 1
मेनसियस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Dai Zhen’s Evidential Study of the Meaning of Terms in the Mencius (1777) recovered Mencius’ terms philologically to show that principle lies within feelings and desires. Dai Zhen, Mengzi ziyi shuzheng (1777), tr. A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius (1990)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मेनसियस › लगभग 372–289 ईसा पूर्व
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1
हू शी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
In The Philosophy of Dai Zhen (1927) Hu Shih presented Dai Zhen’s evidential method and his defence of human desires as a native forerunner of scientific thinking. Hu Shi, Dai Dongyuan de zhexue (1927); A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius (1990)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
हू शी › 1891–1962
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 2
चेंग यी
जिनकी आलोचना की
Dai Zhen charged that the Cheng–Zhu principle (li), set apart from human desires, had let the powerful put people to death in the name of principle (Mengzi ziyi shuzheng, 1777). Dai Zhen, Mengzi ziyi shuzheng (1777), tr. A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius, 1990
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
चेंग यी › 1033–1107
झू शी
जिनकी आलोचना की
Dai Zhen rejected Zhu Xi’s principle as something bestowed by Heaven and residing in the mind: principle is the order within things and desires, found by study (1777). Dai Zhen, Mengzi ziyi shuzheng (1777), tr. A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius, 1990
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
झू शी › 1130–1200
कृतियाँ
मेनसियस के प्रमुख पदों के ठीक अर्थ के माध्यम से दाई झेन तर्क देते हैं कि नव-कन्फ्यूशियसवादी “सिद्धांत” बौद्ध रंग वाला आयात है जो मानवीय भावना को दबाता है।
मत
Dai Zhen was the leading philosopher of Qing evidential research (kaozheng), which sought the meaning of the classics through exact philology. From the original meaning of key terms in Mencius he argued that Cheng–Zhu Neo-Confucianism had imported a Buddhist and Daoist notion of principle as a thing received from Heaven and lodged in the mind. True principle is the unerring pattern within feelings and desires, found by putting oneself in others’ place. Turned against desire, principle lets the strong condemn the weak: those who die by law are pitied, he wrote, but who pities those who die by principle? His ethics was revived by Liang Qichao and Hu Shih.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Dai Zhen was born in 1724 in Xiuning (Anhui), the son of a cloth merchant, and studied with the scholar Jiang Yong. From the 1750s he was famous in Beijing for work on phonology, mathematics, astronomy and geography, though he repeatedly failed the highest examination. He worked on the imperial Complete Library of the Four Treasuries from 1773 and died in Beijing in 1777.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- On the Origin of Goodness (Yuan shan, 1760s)
- Evidential Commentary on the Meanings of Terms in the Mengzi (Mengzi ziyi shuzheng, 1777)
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