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Yi Hwang

1501–1570

Pierwsze przybliżeniecelowe uproszczenie – portret mówi więcej

Nasze najczystsze uczucia moralne pochodzą z samej zasady, a nie z samej energii fizycznej, więc umysł trzeba strzec pełną czci uwagą.

Umiejscowienie

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Toegye, obok Yi I jeden z dwóch czołowych koreańskich neokonfucjanistów epoki Joseon: w „sporze cztery–siedem” przyznał zasadzie (li) pierwszeństwo przed siłą materialną (qi) w uczuciach moralnych.

Kluczowe idee

  • Spór cztery–siedem
  • Pierwszeństwo zasady (li)
  • Pełna czci uważność (gyeong)

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Wpływ

Pod wpływem 2

  • Mencjusz

    pod wpływem

    In the Four–Seven Debate with Gi Daeseung (1559–66) Yi Hwang set Mencius’ four sprouts, issued by principle, apart from the seven feelings issued by material force. M. C. Kalton et al., The Four-Seven Debate (1994); E. Y. J. Chung, The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi T’oegye and Yi Yulgok (1995)

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Mencjusz › ok. 372–289 p.n.e.

  • Zhu Xi

    pod wpływem

    Yi Hwang compiled the Essentials of Zhu Xi’s Letters (Juja seo jeoryo) and summed up Zhu’s learning of the sage in his Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning (1568). Yi Hwang, Juja seo jeoryo; Seonghak sipdo (1568), tr. M. C. Kalton, To Become a Sage (1988)

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Zhu Xi › 1130–1200

Wpływ na 1

  • Jeong Yak-yong (Dasan)

    wpływ na

    Jeong Yak-yong read Yi Hwang’s letters as guides to self-examination and recorded his reflections as a private disciple of Toegye (Dosan sasungnok). Jeong Yak-yong, Dosan sasungnok, in Yeoyudang jeonseo; M. Setton, Chŏng Yagyong: Korea’s Challenge to Orthodox Neo-Confucianism (1997)

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Jeong Yak-yong (Dasan) › 1762–1836

Krytyka

Krytyka ze strony 1

  • Yi I

    krytyka ze strony

    Yi I (Yulgok) rejected Yi Hwang’s view that principle (li) and material force (qi) each ‘issue’ feelings: only qi issues, with li riding upon it (Four–Seven Debate). Yi I, letters to Seong Hon (1572); M. Kalton et al., The Four-Seven Debate, 1994

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Yi I › 1536–1584

Krytykuje 1

  • Wang Yangming

    krytykuje

    Yi Hwang (Toegye) attacked Wang Yangming’s Instructions for Practical Living, rejecting the unity of knowledge and action and ‘mind is principle’ as Chan in Confucian dress. Yi Hwang, Jeonseumnok nonbyeon; E. Y. J. Chung, The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi T’oegye and Yi Yulgok, 1995

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Wang Yangming › 1472–1529

Dzieła

Stanowisko

Toegye was the leading Korean interpreter of Zhu Xi. In a famous correspondence with the younger scholar Ki Taesung, the “Four–Seven Debate”, he asked how the four moral beginnings named by Mencius, such as compassion, relate to the seven ordinary feelings, such as joy and anger. His answer: the four issue from principle (li), with material force (qi) following; the seven issue from qi, with li riding on it. Thus he secured the priority of the moral over the merely physical. At the centre of self-cultivation he placed reverence (gyeong), a steady attentiveness of mind, as his Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning, written for the young King Seonjo, make clear.

Życie i kontekst

Yi Hwang, better known by his pen name Toegye, was born in 1501 near Andong in south-eastern Korea under the Joseon dynasty; his father died when he was an infant. He passed the civil service examination in 1534 and held high offices but repeatedly withdrew home to study and teach. There he founded the Dosan school, which after his death became the Dosan Academy. He died in 1570.

Dalsze główne dzieła

  • Essentials of Master Zhu’s Letters (Jujaseo jeoryo, 1550s)
  • Letters of the Four–Seven Debate with Ki Taesung (1559–1566)
  • Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning (Seonghak sipdo, 1568)

Źródła: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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