Plotyn
Cała rzeczywistość wypływa z jednego doskonałego źródła, Jednego, a celem duszy jest powrót do niego w wewnętrznym zjednoczeniu.
Umiejscowienie
Założyciel neoplatonizmu: wszystko emanuje z Jednego i dąży z powrotem ku Niemu.
Kluczowe idee
- Jedno
- Emanacja
- Unia mistyczna
Uczniowie: Porfiriusz
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 3
Parmenides
pod wpływem
Plotinus cited Parmenides’ ‘thinking and being are the same’ and found the One, Intellect and Soul in the first hypotheses of Plato’s Parmenides (Enneads V.1.8). Plotinus, Enneads V.1.8; Parmenides, DK 28 B3; SEP “Plotinus”
Źródło: szkic AI
Parmenides › ok. 515–450 p.n.e.
Arystoteles
pod wpływem
Plotinus took over Aristotle’s self-thinking divine intellect as his second principle, Intellect, but set the One above it; Porphyry notes Aristotle’s Metaphysics is condensed in the Enneads. Porphyry, Life of Plotinus 14; Plotinus, Enneads V.3, VI.1–3; Aristotle, Metaphysics XII.9; SEP “Plotinus”
Źródło: szkic AI
Arystoteles › 384–322 p.n.e.
Wpływ na 15
Porfiriusz uczeń/uczennica
uczeń/uczennica ✓
Attested by Porphyry himself: his Life of Plotinus tells how he joined Plotinus’ circle in Rome in 263 and later edited the Enneads (Life of Plotinus 4–5, 24). Porphyry, Life of Plotinus 4–5, 24
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Porfiriusz › ok. 234–305
Augustyn z Hippony
wpływ na
Augustine took from Plotinus, read in Latin, the turn inward and upward to an immaterial God and evil as privation of good (Confessions VII). Augustine, Confessions VII.9.13–10.16, VII.12.18; Plotinus, Enneads I.6, I.8; SEP “Augustine”
Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO
Augustyn z Hippony › 354–430
Proklos
wpływ na ✓
Proclus systematised the hierarchy of One, Intellect and Soul he inherited from Plotinus, adding henads and triadic procession, and rejected Plotinus’ undescended soul (Elements of Theology 211). Proclus, Elements of Theology, prop. 211; SEP “Proclus”
Proklos › 412–485
Al-Farabi
wpływ na ✓
Al-Farabi’s emanation of intellects from the First Cause draws on Plotinian Neoplatonism, known in Arabic through a paraphrase circulating as the Theology of Aristotle. P. Adamson, The Arabic Plotinus (2002); SEP “al-Farabi”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Al-Farabi › ok. 872–950
Awicenna
wpływ na ✓
Avicenna wrote notes on the Theology of Aristotle, the Arabic Plotinus, and his scheme of emanation from the Necessary Existent continues Plotinian Neoplatonism. P. Adamson, “Non-Discursive Thought in Avicenna’s Commentary on the Theology of Aristotle”, in J. McGinnis (ed.), Interpreting Avicenna (2004); SEP “Ibn Sina [Avicenna]”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Awicenna › 980–1037
Henri Bergson
wpływ na ✓
Bergson lectured on Plotinus at the Collège de France; The Two Sources (1932) saw in him the height of contemplative mysticism, which stops short of action. H. Bergson, Les Deux Sources de la morale et de la religion (1932); lectures on Plotinus, Collège de France; SEP “Henri Bergson”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Henri Bergson › 1859–1941
Pokaż wszystko (15)Pokaż mniej
Hypatia z Aleksandrii
wpływ na ✓
The church historian Socrates says Hypatia succeeded to the Platonist school derived from Plotinus; her own writings were mathematical, and her philosophical teaching is known through Synesius. Socrates Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History VII.15; Synesius, Letters; E. J. Watts, Hypatia (2017)
Hypatia z Aleksandrii › ok. 355–415
Pseudo-Dionizy Areopagita
wpływ na
Through Proclus’ Neoplatonism Dionysius inherited the Plotinian One beyond being and made it the unknowable God of his negative theology (Divine Names; Mystical Theology). Pseudo-Dionysius, De divinis nominibus; De mystica theologia; SEP “Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite”
Źródło: szkic AI
Pseudo-Dionizy Areopagita › ok. 480–530
Al-Kindi
wpływ na
The Arabic paraphrase of Plotinus known as the Theology of Aristotle was made in al-Kindi’s circle and corrected by him; its account of the One shaped his metaphysics. P. Adamson, The Arabic Plotinus (2002); P. Adamson, Al-Kindi (2007); SEP “al-Kindi”
Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO
Al-Kindi › ok. 801–873
Awicebron
wpływ na
Ibn Gabirol’s Fountain of Life follows a Neoplatonic scheme of procession from the One, adding universal matter and the divine will between God and creation. Solomon ibn Gabirol, Fons vitae (Meqor hayyim); SEP “Solomon Ibn Gabirol [Avicebron]”
Źródło: szkic AI
Awicebron › ok. 1021–1058
Marsilio Ficino
wpływ na
Ficino translated and commented on all of Plotinus’ Enneads (printed 1492), reading him as the interpreter who unlocked Plato. M. Ficino, Plotini Enneades (Florence, 1492), proem; SEP “Marsilio Ficino”
Źródło: szkic AI
Marsilio Ficino › 1433–1499
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
wpływ na
Pico included fifteen theses ‘according to Plotinus’ among those of the later Platonists in his 900 Conclusions (1486), alongside theses after Porphyry, Iamblichus and Proclus. G. Pico della Mirandola, Conclusiones (Rome, 1486); S. A. Farmer, Syncretism in the West: Pico’s 900 Theses (1998)
Źródło: szkic AI
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola › 1463–1494
Giordano Bruno
wpływ na
In the second dialogue of De la causa (1584) Bruno reproduced passages of Plotinus, read in Ficino’s Latin, for his universal intellect and world soul. G. Bruno, De la causa, principio et uno (1584), dialogue II; Plotinus, Enneads III.8, II.9 (Ficino’s translation); S. Carannante, ‘Writing against the Gnostics: World Soul, Universal Animation and Natural Production in Giordano Bruno’s Reading of Plotinus (De la causa II)’, Rinascimento 64 (2024)
Źródło: szkic AI
Giordano Bruno › 1548–1600
Ralph Waldo Emerson
wpływ na
Emerson took the motto of Nature (1836) from Plotinus: nature is ‘but an image or imitation of wisdom, the last thing of the soul’. R. W. Emerson, Nature (1836), motto; SEP “Ralph Waldo Emerson”
Źródło: szkic AI
Ralph Waldo Emerson › 1803–1882
Albert Camus
wpływ na ✓
Camus’s thesis Christian Metaphysics and Neoplatonism (1936) treated Plotinus’ union of reason and mystical ascent as a bridge from Greek thought to Augustine’s Christianity. A. Camus, Métaphysique chrétienne et néoplatonisme (1936); SEP “Albert Camus”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Albert Camus › 1913–1960
Dzieła
- ok. 270Enneady
Od Jednego przez Intelekt i Duszę aż do materii – i z powrotem.
Stanowisko
Plotinus founded Neoplatonism. At the summit of reality stands the One, utterly simple and beyond all being and thought. From it everything flows forth in stages, like light from the sun: first Intellect (nous), which contains the Forms, then Soul, which animates the cosmos, and finally matter, the point furthest from the source. The human soul belongs to this hierarchy and can return upward through virtue, philosophy and contemplation, ultimately to a mystical union with the One, which Porphyry says Plotinus attained several times. His thought shaped Augustine, Christian and Islamic mysticism and Renaissance Platonism.
Życie i kontekst
Plotinus was probably born in Egypt and studied philosophy in Alexandria for eleven years with Ammonius Saccas. He joined Emperor Gordian III’s campaign against Persia, hoping to learn the wisdom of the East, and from 244 CE taught in Rome, admired by senators and by the emperor Gallienus. His pupil Porphyry edited his writings and wrote his biography.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- Enneads (c. 253–270 CE, edited by Porphyry)
Stan na listopad 2026 · Źródła · Ulepsz tę stronę · Jak powstaje Agora