Sandra Harding

Agora

Sandra Harding

1935–2025

Pierwsze przybliżeniecelowe uproszczenie – portret mówi więcej

Cała wiedza zaczyna się od pozycji społecznej, a badania wychodzące od życia zmarginalizowanych są bardziej obiektywne, a nie mniej.

Umiejscowienie

Nauki przyrodnicze i nauki o człowieku · Ameryka Północna · Nauka, Epistemologia, Społeczeństwo i historia, Płeć i feminizm

Filozofka nauki: wiedza zaczyna się od pozycji społecznej, a rozpoczynanie badań od życia osób zmarginalizowanych daje „silną obiektywność” – bardziej rygorystyczną, a nie mniej, niż spojrzenie znikąd.

Kluczowe idee

Epistemologia punktu widzenia
Silna obiektywność
Postkolonialne studia nad nauką

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Wpływ

Pod wpływem 4

Karol Marks

pod wpływem
Harding modelled the feminist standpoint on Marx’s analysis of how a social position, that of labour, enables knowledge hidden from the ruling class (Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?, 1991). S. Harding, Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women’s Lives (1991); The Science Question in Feminism (1986); SEP “Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science”
Źródło: szkic AI
Karol Marks › 1818–1883
György Lukács

pod wpływem
Harding drew on Lukács’s claim that the proletariat’s position allows insight closed to the bourgeoisie as a model for feminist standpoint theory (The Science Question in Feminism, 1986). S. Harding, The Science Question in Feminism (1986); G. Lukács, Geschichte und Klassenbewußtsein (1923); SEP “Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science”
Źródło: szkic AI
György Lukács › 1885–1971
Thomas Kuhn

pod wpływem
Harding built on the post-Kuhnian view that scientific knowledge is shaped by its historical and social setting to ask about androcentric bias (The Science Question in Feminism, 1986). S. Harding, The Science Question in Feminism (1986); T. S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962); SEP “Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science”
Źródło: szkic AI
Thomas Kuhn › 1922–1996
Dorothy E. Smith

pod wpływem
Harding drew on Dorothy Smith’s sociology from women’s standpoint in developing feminist standpoint epistemology for the sciences (The Science Question in Feminism, 1986; Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?, 1991). S. Harding, The Science Question in Feminism (1986); Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? (1991); S. Harding (ed.), The Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader (2004); D. E. Smith, The Everyday World as Problematic (1987); SEP “Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science”
Źródło: szkic AI
Dorothy E. Smith › 1926–2022

Wpływ na 2

Patricia Hill Collins

wpływ na
In Black Feminist Thought (1990) Collins related her epistemology to the standpoint theories surveyed by Harding (The Science Question in Feminism, 1986), grounding it in Black women’s experience. P. H. Collins, Black Feminist Thought (1990); S. Harding, The Science Question in Feminism (1986); SEP “Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science”
Źródło: szkic AI
Patricia Hill Collins › ur. 1948
Uma Narayan

wpływ na
Narayan co-edited with Harding a collection that carried feminist epistemology and philosophy into postcolonial and multicultural perspectives (Decentering the Center, 2000). U. Narayan and S. Harding (eds.), Decentering the Center: Philosophy for a Multicultural, Postcolonial, and Feminist World (2000)
Źródło: szkic AI
Uma Narayan › ur. 1958

Krytyka

Krytyka ze strony 1

Donna Haraway

krytyka ze strony
Haraway answered Harding’s framing of feminist standpoint theory and ‘successor science’ with ‘situated knowledges’, a partial and embodied objectivity (Feminist Studies, 1988). D. Haraway, ‘Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective’, Feminist Studies 14 (1988); S. Harding, The Science Question in Feminism, 1986
Źródło: szkic AI
Donna Haraway › ur. 1944

Dzieła

1986The Science Question in Feminism (Kwestia nauki w feminizmie)
Feministyczny empiryzm, teoria punktu widzenia i postmodernizm jako trzy drogi do mniej zniekształconej nauki.
1991Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? (Czyja nauka? Czyja wiedza?)
Silna obiektywność: rozpoczynanie badań od życia zmarginalizowanych czyni naukę bardziej, a nie mniej obiektywną.

Stanowisko

Harding’s “The Science Question in Feminism” distinguished three feminist responses to the sciences: feminist empiricism, which holds that sexism in science is bad science to be corrected by better method; standpoint theory, which holds that the perspective of the oppressed offers a less distorted view; and postmodernism, which doubts any unitary account. She developed the second, drawing on Marx’s and Lukács’s idea that the proletariat sees what the bourgeoisie cannot. The result is “strong objectivity”: because all knowledge is socially situated, objectivity is achieved not by pretending to a view from nowhere but by starting research from the lives of marginalised people, whose questions expose assumptions invisible from the centre.

Życie i kontekst

Sandra Harding (1935–2025) studied at Rutgers and New York University, where she took her doctorate in 1973, taught at the University of Delaware from 1976 and then at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she was professor of education and women’s studies. She edited the journal Signs, consulted for UNESCO on science and gender, and lectured widely on feminist and postcolonial philosophy of science. She died in 2025.