चेंग यी
एक सिद्धांत असंख्य रूपों में सब वस्तुओं में व्याप्त है, और हम उसे वस्तुओं की एक के बाद एक सावधान जाँच से जानते हैं।
पृष्ठभूमि
चेंग भाइयों में छोटे: सिद्धांत एक है, उसकी अभिव्यक्तियाँ अनेक; वह वस्तुओं की एक-एक करके जाँच से जाना जाता है – चेंग–झू संप्रदाय की जड़।
मुख्य विचार
- सिद्धांत एक, अभिव्यक्तियाँ अनेक
- वस्तुओं की जाँच
- श्रद्धा (जिंग)
गुरु: झोउ दुनयी
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
मेनसियस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Cheng Yi upheld Mencius’ thesis that human nature is good by identifying the nature with principle and tracing evil to the endowment of material force (qi). Er Cheng yishu; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मेनसियस › लगभग 372–289 ईसा पूर्व
झोउ दुनयी जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा
Attested in the brothers’ recorded sayings (a remark about once studying with Zhou Maoshu, Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), which do not say which brother is speaking; that Cheng Yi studied there with his brother as a boy is stated by Zhu Xi, who also made Zhou the founder of their school. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Zhu Xi, Yichuan xiansheng nianpu
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
झोउ दुनयी › 1017–1073
झांग ज़ाई
जिनसे प्रभावित
Defending Zhang Zai’s Western Inscription against Yang Shi’s charge of Mohist universal love, Cheng Yi read it as teaching that principle is one but its manifestations many. Cheng Yi, reply to Yang Shi on the Ximing, in Er Cheng wenji; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
झांग ज़ाई › 1020–1077
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 2
झू शी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Zhu Xi adopted Cheng Yi’s theses that the nature is principle and that investigating things means probing principle, the latter in his supplement to the Great Learning (1189). Zhu Xi, Daxue zhangju (preface 1189), supplement on the investigation of things; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
झू शी › 1130–1200
फ़ेंग योउलान
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Feng Youlan’s History of Chinese Philosophy (1934) made Cheng Yi, not his brother, the founder of the learning of principle that Feng renewed in Xin lixue (1939). Feng Youlan, Zhongguo zhexue shi (1931–34), tr. D. Bodde (1952–53); Xin lixue (1939); IEP “Feng Youlan”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
फ़ेंग योउलान › 1895–1990
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 1
दाई झेन
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Dai Zhen charged that the Cheng–Zhu principle (li), set apart from human desires, had let the powerful put people to death in the name of principle (Mengzi ziyi shuzheng, 1777). Dai Zhen, Mengzi ziyi shuzheng (1777), tr. A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius, 1990
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
दाई झेन › 1724–1777
कृतियाँ
परिवर्तन की पुस्तक को भविष्यवाणी की पुस्तिका के बजाय मानवीय मामलों में सिद्धांत की मार्गदर्शिका के रूप में पढ़ता है।
मत
Cheng Yi gave Neo-Confucianism its classic framework. Principle (li) is one, its manifestations many: every thing has its principle, all principles are ultimately one, and human nature is principle (xing ji li), while differences in vital force (qi) account for good and bad conduct. Principle is known by investigating things – one today, another tomorrow – until understanding suddenly becomes comprehensive. Cultivation requires reverence (jing), learning the extension of knowledge. Zhu Xi followed him so closely that one speaks of the Cheng–Zhu school. Later critics made him a symbol of rigid morality, not least for his remark that for a widow starving is a small matter beside losing her chastity.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Cheng Yi, known as Yichuan, was born in 1033, the younger brother of Cheng Hao. At the Imperial Academy he won attention with an essay on what Confucius’ disciple Yan Hui loved to learn. He long declined office and taught in Luoyang; in 1086 he became lecturer to the young emperor but soon fell victim to factional strife. Banished in 1097, pardoned in 1100, he died in 1107.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- What Master Yan Loved to Learn (Yanzi suo hao he xue lun, c. 1056)
- Commentary on the Book of Changes (Yichuan Yizhuan, 1099)
- Surviving Works of the Two Chengs (Er Cheng yishu, compiled by Zhu Xi, 1168, posthumous)
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