चेंग हाओ
सचमुच मानवीय व्यक्ति स्वर्ग, पृथ्वी और हर जीवित वस्तु के साथ एकत्व अनुभव करता है – और आंतरिक शांति में सब वस्तुओं का सिद्धांत पाता है।
पृष्ठभूमि
दो चेंग भाइयों में बड़े: मानवीय व्यक्ति स्वर्ग, पृथ्वी और सब वस्तुओं के साथ “एक शरीर” बनाता है; सिद्धांत आंतरिक शांति से ग्रहण होता है।
मुख्य विचार
- सब वस्तुओं के साथ एक शरीर के रूप में मानवीयता
- स्वर्गिक सिद्धांत (तियानली)
- स्वभाव को शांत करना
गुरु: झोउ दुनयी
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
मेनसियस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Cheng Hao’s ‘On Understanding Humaneness’ (Shi ren pian) draws on Mencius: all things are complete in me, and cultivation must neither forget nor forcibly help growth. Cheng Hao, Shi ren pian, in Er Cheng yishu; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मेनसियस › लगभग 372–289 ईसा पूर्व
झोउ दुनयी जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा
Attested by the brothers themselves: their recorded sayings recall having once studied with Zhou Maoshu (Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), and Cheng Yi’s account of his brother dates it to his mid-teens; that Zhou founded their school is Zhu Xi’s later construction. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Cheng Yi, Mingdao xiansheng xingzhuang
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
झोउ दुनयी › 1017–1073
झांग ज़ाई
जिनसे प्रभावित
Cheng Hao’s Letter on Calming the Nature answered Zhang Zai’s question how the nature can stay calm amid things; the Cheng brothers praised Zhang’s Western Inscription. Cheng Hao, Dingxing shu; Zhang Zai, Ximing; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
झांग ज़ाई › 1020–1077
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 2
झू शी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Zhu Xi compiled the Cheng brothers’ recorded sayings (Er Cheng yishu, 1168) and, with Lü Zuqian, took Cheng Hao’s sayings into Reflections on Things at Hand (1175). Zhu Xi (ed.), Er Cheng yishu (1168); Zhu Xi & Lü Zuqian, Jinsilu (1175), tr. W.-t. Chan, Reflections on Things at Hand (1967)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
झू शी › 1130–1200
लू श्यांगशान
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Lu Jiuyuan named Mencius, not the Cheng brothers, as his source; Feng Youlan (1934) read Cheng Hao as forerunner of Lu’s learning of the mind (xinxue). Feng Youlan, Zhongguo zhexue shi II (1934), tr. D. Bodde, A History of Chinese Philosophy II (1953)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लू श्यांगशान › 1139–1193
मत
Cheng Hao saw the cosmos as ceaseless life-giving and humaneness (ren) as its moral core: the humane person forms one body with Heaven, Earth and the myriad things, just as medicine calls numb limbs “not humane” because the body no longer feels them as its own. Though he had learned much from others, he said, he had worked out heavenly principle (tianli) himself. Writing to his relative Zhang Zai on calming the nature, he taught that true calm holds in activity and rest alike, for the mind responds impartially, without dividing inner and outer. Feng Youlan and others see him as a forerunner of Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Cheng Hao, known as Mingdao, was born in 1032 into an official family settled in Luoyang; as a youth he and his younger brother Cheng Yi studied briefly with Zhou Dunyi. He passed the jinshi examination in 1057 and served mostly as a local official. As a censor he opposed Wang Anshi’s New Policies and was sent back to the provinces. He died in 1085.
प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Letter on Calming the Nature (Dingxing shu, mid-11th century)
- On Understanding Humaneness (Shi ren pian, recorded saying, 11th century)
- Surviving Works of the Two Chengs (Er Cheng yishu, compiled by Zhu Xi, 1168, posthumous)
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