رايت ميلز
مشكلاتك الخاصة – فقدان وظيفة، زواج متعثّر – كثيرًا ما تكون قضايا عامة، ورؤية هذه الصلة هي لبّ علم الاجتماع.
التموضع
متمرد في علم الاجتماع الأمريكي: يربط الخيال السوسيولوجي بين المشكلات الشخصية والقضايا العامة، و«نخبة سلطة» لا تُساءل تحكم أمريكا ما بعد الحرب.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- الخيال السوسيولوجي
- المشكلات الشخصية في مقابل القضايا العامة
- نخبة السلطة
- نقد النظرية الكبرى
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 5
كارل ماركس
تأثّر بـ
Mills used Marx’s class analysis but replaced ‘ruling class’ with ‘power elite’ to stress institutional power (The Power Elite, 1956), and presented Marx critically in The Marxists (1962). C. W. Mills, The Power Elite (1956); The Marxists (1962)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
كارل ماركس › 1818–1883
جايتانو موسكا
تأثّر بـ
Mills discussed Mosca’s organised ruling minority in The Power Elite (1956) but derived the elite from command posts in corporations, the military and the state. C. W. Mills, The Power Elite (1956); G. Mosca, Elementi di scienza politica (1896); G. Parry, Political Elites (1969)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
جايتانو موسكا › 1858–1941
جون ديوي
تأثّر بـ
Mills wrote his dissertation on pragmatism (1942, printed 1964 as Sociology and Pragmatism), reading Dewey’s theory of inquiry sociologically as tied to the institutions of American higher learning. C. W. Mills, A Sociological Account of Pragmatism (diss., Wisconsin, 1942), printed as Sociology and Pragmatism: The Higher Learning in America (1964)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
جون ديوي › 1859–1952
جورج هربرت ميد
تأثّر بـ
Mills drew on Mead’s social behaviourism to treat motives as socially learned vocabularies that actors use in situations (‘Situated Actions and Vocabularies of Motive’, 1940). C. W. Mills, “Situated Actions and Vocabularies of Motive”, American Sociological Review 5 (1940); H. Gerth and C. W. Mills, Character and Social Structure (1953)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
جورج هربرت ميد › 1863–1931
ماكس فيبر
تأثّر بـ
With Hans Gerth, Mills edited and translated From Max Weber (1946) and took up Weber’s analysis of bureaucracy and status in White Collar (1951). H. H. Gerth and C. W. Mills (eds. and trans.), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (1946); C. W. Mills, White Collar (1951)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
ماكس فيبر › 1864–1920
أثّر في 1
آرلي راسل هوكسشيلد
أثّر في ✓
Hochschild started from Mills’s ‘personality market’ in White Collar (1951), where salespeople sell their personality, and studied how such emotional labour is managed (The Managed Heart, 1983). A. R. Hochschild, The Managed Heart (1983); C. W. Mills, White Collar: The American Middle Classes (1951)
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في Wikidata · Wikidata
آرلي راسل هوكسشيلد › وُلد 1940
النقد
ينتقد 1
تالكوت بارسونز
انتقد
In The Sociological Imagination (1959) Mills attacked Parsons’s ‘grand theory’, translating passages of The Social System into a few plain sentences and faulting its neglect of power. C. W. Mills, The Sociological Imagination (1959), ch. 2
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
تالكوت بارسونز › 1902–1979
الأعمال
على علم الاجتماع أن يربط «المشكلات الشخصية» بـ«القضايا العامة» – ضد «النظرية الكبرى» المجردة عند بارسونز وضد جمع البيانات بلا أفكار.
الموقف
Mills wanted sociology to serve democratic self-understanding. In The Sociological Imagination (1959) he defined its promise as the ability to connect “the personal troubles of milieu” with “the public issues of social structure”: one person’s unemployment is a personal trouble, but when millions are out of work, the cause lies in the economy, not in individual character. The same book attacked two dominant styles of American sociology – the “grand theory” of Talcott Parsons, several pages of which Mills translated into a few plain sentences, and the “abstracted empiricism” of survey research, which piled up data without asking important questions. His earlier studies sketched the new social structure of the United States. White Collar (1951) portrayed the salaried middle class of offices and sales floors, who must sell their personalities along with their labour. The Power Elite (1956) argued that the interlocking leaders of big business, the military and the federal executive made the decisions that shaped the nation, largely beyond democratic control. Drawing on Weber, Marx and the pragmatists, Mills became a model for critical, public sociology and an inspiration for the New Left.
الحياة والسياق
Charles Wright Mills was born in 1916 in Waco, Texas, into a Catholic middle-class family. He studied at Texas A&M and the University of Texas and took his doctorate at the University of Wisconsin in 1942 with a dissertation on the sociology of pragmatism. With his teacher Hans Gerth he edited the influential collection From Max Weber (1946). From 1946 he taught at Columbia University in New York. A motorcycle-riding outsider, he attacked both the academic establishment and the complacency of Cold War America, and travelled to Cuba to write Listen, Yankee (1960) in defence of the revolution. His “Letter to the New Left” (1960) helped popularise the movement’s name. He died of a heart attack in 1962, aged 45.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- From Max Weber (ed. with Hans Gerth, 1946)
- White Collar (1951)
- The Power Elite (1956)
- Listen, Yankee (1960)
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