ज़ाँ-फ़्रांस्वा ल्योतार
प्रगति और मुक्ति की महान कथाओं पर अब कोई विश्वास नहीं करता – आज ज्ञान अनेक छोटे भाषा-खेल हैं जिनमें कोई मुख्य आख्यान नहीं।
पृष्ठभूमि
द पोस्टमॉडर्न कंडीशन: महावृत्तांतों का अंत।
मुख्य विचार
- महावृत्तांतों का अंत
- दिफ़ेरों (differend)
- उदात्त
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 4
इमानुएल कांट
जिनसे प्रभावित
Lyotard took from Kant the heterogeneity of the faculties and the sublime as presentation of the unpresentable (Le différend, 1983; Leçons sur l’Analytique du sublime, 1991). J.-F. Lyotard, Le différend (1983); L’enthousiasme. La critique kantienne de l’histoire (1986); Leçons sur l’Analytique du sublime (1991); SEP “Jean François Lyotard”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
इमानुएल कांट › 1724–1804
ज़ीगमुंड फ़्रॉइड
जिनसे प्रभावित
Lyotard took Freud’s dream-work as a model of the figural that disrupts discourse (Discours, figure, 1971) and his economics of libido for Économie libidinale (1974). J.-F. Lyotard, Discours, figure (1971); Économie libidinale (1974); Dérive à partir de Marx et Freud (1973); SEP “Jean François Lyotard”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
ज़ीगमुंड फ़्रॉइड › 1856–1939
लुडविग विट्गेंश्टाइन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Lyotard took Wittgenstein’s language games as the model for the heterogeneity of discourses in The Postmodern Condition (1979), later recast as incommensurable phrase regimens (Le différend, 1983). J.-F. Lyotard, La condition postmoderne (1979); Le différend (1983); L. Wittgenstein, Philosophische Untersuchungen (1953); SEP “Jean François Lyotard”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
लुडविग विट्गेंश्टाइन › 1889–1951
कोर्नेलियस कास्तोरियादिस
जिनसे प्रभावित
As a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie (1954–64) Lyotard adopted Castoriadis’s critique of bureaucracy, Soviet and capitalist, before splitting with him in 1963 over his revision of Marxism. J.-F. Lyotard, La guerre des Algériens. Écrits 1956–1963 (1989); Pérégrinations (1988); SEP “Jean François Lyotard”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कोर्नेलियस कास्तोरियादिस › 1922–1997
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 3
गेऑर्ग विल्हेल्म फ़्रीडरिश हेगल
जिनकी आलोचना की
Lyotard treated Hegel’s speculative unity of knowledge as one of the grand narratives of legitimation that have lost their credibility (The Postmodern Condition, 1979, §§ 9–10). J.-F. Lyotard, La condition postmoderne (1979), §§ 9–10; Le différend (1983)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
गेऑर्ग विल्हेल्म फ़्रीडरिश हेगल › 1770–1831
कार्ल मार्क्स जिनसे प्रभावित
जिनसे प्रभावित
In Socialisme ou Barbarie Lyotard analysed the Algerian war in Marxist terms of class and colonial exploitation (1956–63; La guerre des Algériens, 1989), before breaking with Marxism. J.-F. Lyotard, La guerre des Algériens. Écrits 1956–1963 (1989); Pérégrinations (1988); SEP “Jean François Lyotard”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
जिनकी आलोचना की
Lyotard broke with Marxism in Libidinal Economy (1974) and later counted the narrative of proletarian emancipation among the grand narratives that have lost credibility (The Postmodern Condition, 1979). J.-F. Lyotard, Économie libidinale (1974); La condition postmoderne (1979)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कार्ल मार्क्स › 1818–1883
युर्गन हाबरमास
जिनकी आलोचना की
Lyotard objected that Habermas’s aim of universal consensus through discourse rests on an outdated narrative of emancipation and does violence to heterogeneous language games (The Postmodern Condition, 1979). J.-F. Lyotard, La condition postmoderne (1979), §14; “Réponse à la question: qu’est-ce que le postmoderne?” (1982)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
युर्गन हाबरमास › 1929–2026
कृतियाँ
महावृत्तांतों के प्रति अविश्वास।
- 1983द डिफ़ेरों
बिना साझा निर्णय-नियम वाले संघर्ष।
मत
Lyotard’s The Postmodern Condition, originally a report on knowledge in advanced societies commissioned by the government of Quebec, made “postmodern” a key word. Modernity, he argued, legitimated itself through “grand narratives”: the emancipation of humanity, the progress of reason, the realisation of the spirit. Postmodernity is defined by “incredulity toward metanarratives”; knowledge splits into many heterogeneous language games, and science legitimates itself increasingly through performance and efficiency. In The Differend he analysed conflicts in which there is no common rule for judging both sides, so that one party’s wrong cannot even be expressed. Lyotard also revived the aesthetics of the sublime as a way to bear witness to what cannot be represented.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Lyotard was born in Versailles in 1924 and taught philosophy in Algeria in the early 1950s. For a decade he belonged to the left-wing group Socialisme ou Barbarie before breaking with Marxism. He taught at the University of Paris VIII (Vincennes), co-founded the Collège international de philosophie and later also taught in the United States, at Irvine and Emory.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Phenomenology (1954)
- Discourse, Figure (1971)
- Libidinal Economy (1974)
- The Postmodern Condition (1979)
- The Differend (1983)
इनमें आता है
- यात्रा ‘ऑशविट्ज़ के बाद चिंतन’ · 10 में से पड़ाव 8
नवंबर 2026 तक · स्रोत · इस पृष्ठ को बेहतर बनाएँ · Agora कैसे बना है