कारातानी कोजिन

कृतियाँ

• 1980आधुनिक जापानी साहित्य की उत्पत्ति

  “भू-दृश्य”, “आंतरिकता”, स्वीकारोक्ति और बालक कालातीत दत्त नहीं बल्कि मेइजी साहित्य में आविष्कृत थे; एक बार स्थापित होने पर इन रूपों का उद्गम भुला दिया जाता है।

• 2001ट्रांसक्रिटिक: कांट और मार्क्स पर

  कांट को मार्क्स के माध्यम से और मार्क्स को कांट के माध्यम से पढ़ा गया: “ट्रांसक्रिटिक” दृष्टिकोणों के बीच चलता है, और साध्यों का राज्य उत्पादकों और उपभोक्ताओं के संघों का व्यावहारिक कार्य बन जाता है।

• 2010विश्व-इतिहास की संरचना

  विश्व-इतिहास प्रभुत्वशाली विनिमय-पद्धतियों के क्रम के रूप में: पारस्परिकता, लूट और पुनर्वितरण, पण्य-विनिमय, और एक भावी पद्धति D जिसमें पारस्परिकता पूँजी, राष्ट्र और राज्य से परे उच्चतर स्तर पर लौटती है।

मत

In “Origins of Modern Japanese Literature” (1980) Karatani argued that “landscape”, “interiority”, the confession and the “child” were not discovered by Meiji writers but produced by an inversion through which an inward-turned self began to see the world as landscape; once established, these forms appear natural and their origin is forgotten. In the 1980s he turned to formal systems and self-reference and, in “Exploration” (1986), to Wittgenstein’s problem of rule-following and the situation of teaching or selling to an other who does not share one’s rules. “Transcritique” (2001) reads Kant and Marx through each other: Kant’s critique is a movement between perspectives (a “pronounced parallax”), and Marx’s analysis of the value form is a transcendental critique of capital; the Kantian realm of ends becomes the task of associations of producers and consumers. “The Structure of World History” (2010) replaces modes of production with modes of exchange: reciprocity of the gift (A), plunder and redistribution by the state (B), commodity exchange (C), and a mode D that would restore reciprocity at a higher level beyond the interlocking knot of capital, nation and state. Critics have questioned whether mode D is more than a regulative idea; Karatani himself presents it as such, in Kant’s sense.

जीवन और संदर्भ

Karatani Kōjin was born on 6 August 1941 in Amagasaki near Osaka. He studied economics at the University of Tokyo and then English literature; as a student he was active in the radical left during the protests of 1960 against the security treaty with the United States. In 1969 he won the Gunzō prize for criticism with an essay on Natsume Sōseki and became one of the best-known literary critics in Japan. He taught at Hosei University and later at Kinki University, and spent long periods as a visiting scholar at Yale, where he came into contact with Paul de Man, and at Columbia. With Asada Akira he edited the journal Hihyō kūkan (Critical Space) from 1991 to 2002. In 2000 he founded the New Associationist Movement, a short-lived network intended to put the ideas of “Transcritique” into practice. In 2022 he received the Berggruen Prize for Philosophy and Culture.

अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ

• Origins of Modern Japanese Literature (1980)
• Architecture as Metaphor (Inyu to shite no kenchiku, 1983)
• Exploration I and II (Tankyū, 1986, 1989)
• Transcritique: On Kant and Marx (2001)
• The Structure of World History (2010)
• Isonomia and the Origins of Philosophy (Tetsugaku no kigen, 2012)
• Power and Modes of Exchange (Chikara to kōkan yōshiki, 2022)