हू शी
चीन को रोज़मर्रा की भाषा में लिखना चाहिए, विचारों को वैज्ञानिक पद्धति से परखना चाहिए और अपने दर्शन की पूजा करने के बजाय उसकी आलोचनात्मक परीक्षा करनी चाहिए।
पृष्ठभूमि
डुई के शिष्य और नव-संस्कृति आंदोलन के नेता: जनभाषा में लेखन, वैज्ञानिक पद्धति और चीनी दर्शन का आलोचनात्मक इतिहास।
मुख्य विचार
- चीन में व्यावहारिकतावाद
- जनभाषा साहित्य
- विज्ञान और प्रायोगिक पद्धति
गुरु: जॉन डुई
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
दाई झेन
जिनसे प्रभावित
In The Philosophy of Dai Zhen (1927) Hu Shih presented Dai Zhen’s evidential method and his defence of human desires as a native forerunner of scientific thinking. Hu Shi, Dai Dongyuan de zhexue (1927); A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius (1990)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
दाई झेन › 1724–1777
येन फ़ू
जिनसे प्रभावित
Hu Shih recalled reading Yan Fu’s Tianyanlun as a schoolboy and taking the name Shi, ‘fit’, from its ‘survival of the fittest’ (Autobiography at Forty, 1933). Hu Shi, Sishi zishu (1933); B. Schwartz, In Search of Wealth and Power: Yen Fu and the West (1964)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
येन फ़ू › 1854–1921
जॉन डुई जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा ✓
Hu Shih studied with Dewey at Columbia from 1915 to 1917 and completed his dissertation on the development of logical method in ancient China in 1917 (degree conferred 1927); he interpreted for Dewey on his lecture tour in China (1919–21). J. B. Grieder, Hu Shih and the Chinese Renaissance (1970)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जॉन डुई › 1859–1952
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 1
लियांग शुमिंग
जिनकी आलोचना की
Hu Shih criticised Liang Shuming’s Eastern and Western Cultures and Their Philosophies (1921) for forcing civilisations into three neat ‘paths’, defending science and democracy as universal (1923). Hu Shi, review of Liang Shuming’s Dong Xi wenhua ji qi zhexue (1923); G. Alitto, The Last Confucian, 1979
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लियांग शुमिंग › 1893–1988
कृतियाँ
प्रायः आधुनिक आलोचनात्मक पद्धति से लिखा प्राचीन चीनी दर्शन का पहला इतिहास माना जाता है, जो शास्त्रीय आचार्यों को ऐतिहासिक विचारकों के रूप में देखता है; श्ये वुलियांग का एक पहले का सामान्य इतिहास 1916 में प्रकाशित हो चुका था।
मत
Hu Shih brought Dewey’s pragmatism, which he called experimentalism, to China, where Dewey lectured in 1919–21. His 1917 proposals for literary reform helped launch writing in the vernacular instead of classical Chinese. He insisted on scientific method – formulating daring hypotheses and checking them carefully – and on solving concrete problems rather than embracing grand “isms”, which set him against Marxists such as Li Dazhao. His Outline treated the ancient masters critically and historically, and he found a native scientific spirit in Qing evidential scholarship, above all in Dai Zhen. A liberal critic of Nationalists and Communists alike, he was denounced in a mass campaign in the People’s Republic in the 1950s.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Hu Shih was born in 1891 in Shanghai to a family from Anhui. With a Boxer Indemnity scholarship he studied in the United States from 1910, first at Cornell, then under John Dewey at Columbia. From 1917 he taught at Peking University and led the New Culture Movement. Ambassador to the United States (1938–42), he left the mainland in 1949 and died in Taipei in 1962.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Some Modest Proposals for the Reform of Literature (1917)
- Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy (vol. 1, 1919; no further volume appeared)
- More Study of Problems, Less Talk of Isms (1919)
- The Development of the Logical Method in Ancient China (1922)
इनमें आता है
- यात्रा ‘एशिया और यूरोप संवाद में’ · 11 में से पड़ाव 6
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