Hu Shi
Chiny powinny pisać językiem codziennym, sprawdzać idee metodą naukową i krytycznie badać własną filozofię zamiast ją czcić.
Umiejscowienie
Uczeń Deweya i przywódca Ruchu Nowej Kultury: pisanie językiem potocznym, metoda naukowa i krytyczna historia chińskiej filozofii.
Kluczowe idee
- Pragmatyzm w Chinach
- Literatura w języku potocznym
- Nauka i metoda eksperymentalna
Nauczyciele: John Dewey
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 3
Dai Zhen
pod wpływem
In The Philosophy of Dai Zhen (1927) Hu Shih presented Dai Zhen’s evidential method and his defence of human desires as a native forerunner of scientific thinking. Hu Shi, Dai Dongyuan de zhexue (1927); A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius (1990)
Źródło: szkic AI
Dai Zhen › 1724–1777
Yan Fu
pod wpływem
Hu Shih recalled reading Yan Fu’s Tianyanlun as a schoolboy and taking the name Shi, ‘fit’, from its ‘survival of the fittest’ (Autobiography at Forty, 1933). Hu Shi, Sishi zishu (1933); B. Schwartz, In Search of Wealth and Power: Yen Fu and the West (1964)
Źródło: szkic AI
Yan Fu › 1854–1921
John Dewey nauczyciel(ka)
nauczyciel(ka) ✓
Hu Shih studied with Dewey at Columbia from 1915 to 1917 and completed his dissertation on the development of logical method in ancient China in 1917 (degree conferred 1927); he interpreted for Dewey on his lecture tour in China (1919–21). J. B. Grieder, Hu Shih and the Chinese Renaissance (1970)
Źródło: szkic AI
John Dewey › 1859–1952
Krytyka
Krytykuje 1
Liang Shuming
krytykuje
Hu Shih criticised Liang Shuming’s Eastern and Western Cultures and Their Philosophies (1921) for forcing civilisations into three neat ‘paths’, defending science and democracy as universal (1923). Hu Shi, review of Liang Shuming’s Dong Xi wenhua ji qi zhexue (1923); G. Alitto, The Last Confucian, 1979
Źródło: szkic AI
Liang Shuming › 1893–1988
Dzieła
Często uważana za pierwszą historię starożytnej filozofii chińskiej napisaną nowoczesną metodą krytyczną, traktującą klasycznych mistrzów jako myślicieli historycznych; wcześniejsza historia ogólna pióra Xie Wuliang ukazała się w 1916 roku.
Stanowisko
Hu Shih brought Dewey’s pragmatism, which he called experimentalism, to China, where Dewey lectured in 1919–21. His 1917 proposals for literary reform helped launch writing in the vernacular instead of classical Chinese. He insisted on scientific method – formulating daring hypotheses and checking them carefully – and on solving concrete problems rather than embracing grand “isms”, which set him against Marxists such as Li Dazhao. His Outline treated the ancient masters critically and historically, and he found a native scientific spirit in Qing evidential scholarship, above all in Dai Zhen. A liberal critic of Nationalists and Communists alike, he was denounced in a mass campaign in the People’s Republic in the 1950s.
Życie i kontekst
Hu Shih was born in 1891 in Shanghai to a family from Anhui. With a Boxer Indemnity scholarship he studied in the United States from 1910, first at Cornell, then under John Dewey at Columbia. From 1917 he taught at Peking University and led the New Culture Movement. Ambassador to the United States (1938–42), he left the mainland in 1949 and died in Taipei in 1962.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- Some Modest Proposals for the Reform of Literature (1917)
- Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy (vol. 1, 1919; no further volume appeared)
- More Study of Problems, Less Talk of Isms (1919)
- The Development of the Logical Method in Ancient China (1922)
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