هو شيه

الأعمال

• 1919موجز تاريخ الفلسفة الصينية (Zhōngguó zhéxué shǐ dàgāng)

  يُعدّ غالبًا أول تاريخ للفلسفة الصينية القديمة مكتوب بمنهج نقدي حديث، يعامل أساتذة العصر الكلاسيكي مفكرين تاريخيين؛ وكان قد صدر عام 1916 تاريخ عام أسبق لشيه ووليانغ.

الموقف

Hu Shih brought Dewey’s pragmatism, which he called experimentalism, to China, where Dewey lectured in 1919–21. His 1917 proposals for literary reform helped launch writing in the vernacular instead of classical Chinese. He insisted on scientific method – formulating daring hypotheses and checking them carefully – and on solving concrete problems rather than embracing grand “isms”, which set him against Marxists such as Li Dazhao. His Outline treated the ancient masters critically and historically, and he found a native scientific spirit in Qing evidential scholarship, above all in Dai Zhen. A liberal critic of Nationalists and Communists alike, he was denounced in a mass campaign in the People’s Republic in the 1950s.

الحياة والسياق

Hu Shih was born in 1891 in Shanghai to a family from Anhui. With a Boxer Indemnity scholarship he studied in the United States from 1910, first at Cornell, then under John Dewey at Columbia. From 1917 he taught at Peking University and led the New Culture Movement. Ambassador to the United States (1938–42), he left the mainland in 1949 and died in Taipei in 1962.

أعمال رئيسة أخرى

• Some Modest Proposals for the Reform of Literature (1917)
• Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy (vol. 1, 1919; no further volume appeared)
• More Study of Problems, Less Talk of Isms (1919)
• The Development of the Logical Method in Ancient China (1922)

يرد في

• رحلة «آسيا وأوروبا في حوار» · المحطة 6 من 11