ज़ाँ बोद्रियार
मीडिया-समाज में चिह्न अब यथार्थ की ओर नहीं बल्कि केवल अन्य चिह्नों की ओर इंगित करते हैं, इसलिए मूल के बिना प्रतिलिपियाँ वास्तविक से अधिक वास्तविक हो जाती हैं।
पृष्ठभूमि
सिमुलाक्रा और अनुकरण: चिह्न केवल अन्य चिह्नों की ओर संकेत करते हैं – अतियथार्थ।
मुख्य विचार
- सिमुलाक्रम
- अतियथार्थ
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
फ़्रीडरिश नीत्शे
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Baudrillard said he had been a great devotee of Nietzsche, more ingrained than cited (Baudrillard Live, 1993); commentators link his simulacra to Nietzsche’s ‘true world’ become fable. M. Gane (ed.), Baudrillard Live: Selected Interviews (1993); F. Nietzsche, Götzen-Dämmerung (1889); SEP “Jean Baudrillard”
फ़्रीडरिश नीत्शे › 1844–1900
वाल्टर बेन्यामीन
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Baudrillard took Benjamin’s analysis of technical reproducibility (1935–36) as a step toward his order of simulacra, in which reproduction precedes any original (L’échange symbolique et la mort, 1976). J. Baudrillard, L’échange symbolique et la mort (1976); W. Benjamin, “Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit” (1935–36); SEP “Jean Baudrillard”
वाल्टर बेन्यामीन › 1892–1940
रोलां बार्थ
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Baudrillard applied Barthes’s semiology of myth and fashion to consumer goods, analysing everyday objects as a system of signs (Le système des objets, 1968). J. Baudrillard, Le système des objets (1968); R. Barthes, Mythologies (1957); Système de la mode (1967); SEP “Jean Baudrillard”
रोलां बार्थ › 1915–1980
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1
जेराल्ड विज़ेनर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
In Manifest Manners (1994) Vizenor took up Baudrillard’s concept of simulation to describe the ‘indian’ as a colonial simulation behind which real Native people disappear. G. Vizenor, Manifest Manners: Postindian Warriors of Survivance (1994); J. Baudrillard, Simulacres et simulation (1981)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जेराल्ड विज़ेनर › जन्म 1934
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 2
कार्ल मार्क्स जिनसे प्रभावित
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Baudrillard extended Marx’s analysis of the commodity to consumption, adding sign value to use and exchange value (Pour une critique de l’économie politique du signe, 1972). J. Baudrillard, La société de consommation (1970); Pour une critique de l’économie politique du signe (1972); SEP “Jean Baudrillard”
जिनकी आलोचना की
In The Mirror of Production (1973) Baudrillard argued that Marx’s critique remains within the productivist logic of the political economy it criticises, as its mirror image. J. Baudrillard, Le miroir de la production (1973)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कार्ल मार्क्स › 1818–1883
मिशेल फूको
जिनकी आलोचना की
In Oublier Foucault (1977) Baudrillard argued that Foucault’s analysis of power and sexuality mirrors the powers it describes, just as these are dissolving into simulation. J. Baudrillard, Oublier Foucault (1977)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मिशेल फूको › 1926–1984
कृतियाँ
- 1973उत्पादन का दर्पण
मार्क्सवाद उत्पादन की छवि में फँसा रहता है।
नक़्शा भू-भाग से पहले आता है।
मत
Baudrillard began with a critique of consumer society: we buy objects less for their use than as signs of status and difference. Gradually he turned against Marxism, which in his view remained trapped in the logic of production. His best-known thesis is the theory of simulation: in media society, images and signs no longer refer to a reality behind them but only to other signs. Copies without originals – simulacra – produce a “hyperreality” that seems more real than the real; like a map that precedes the territory. Disneyland, opinion polls or televised wars were his examples, culminating in the provocative essay “The Gulf War Did Not Take Place.” His ideas influenced media theory, art and even the film The Matrix.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Baudrillard was born in Reims in 1929 and first worked as a German teacher and translator of authors such as Brecht and Peter Weiss. He studied sociology with Henri Lefebvre and taught from 1966 at the University of Paris X Nanterre, where he witnessed the student revolt of 1968. He later became a widely read essayist and also worked as a photographer.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- The System of Objects (1968)
- The Consumer Society (1970)
- Symbolic Exchange and Death (1976)
- Simulacra and Simulation (1981)
- America (1986)
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