एलिज़ाबेथ एंडरसन
समानता का अर्थ है कि कोई किसी पर प्रभुत्व न रखे, न कि सबको समान हिस्सा मिले – और आधुनिक कार्यस्थल एक निजी सरकार है।
पृष्ठभूमि
मिशिगन की व्यावहारिकतावादी दार्शनिक: समानता संबंधों के बारे में है – कोई किसी पर प्रभुत्व नहीं जमाता – वस्तुओं के वितरण के बारे में नहीं; कार्यस्थल एक “निजी सरकार” है जिसे उदारवादी सिद्धांत देख नहीं पाया; उन्होंने नारीवादी ज्ञानमीमांसा पर भी लिखा है।
मुख्य विचार
- संबंधपरक समानता
- निजी सरकार
- लोकतांत्रिक ज्ञानमीमांसा
गुरु: जॉन राल्स
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 4
जॉन स्टुअर्ट मिल
जिनसे प्रभावित
Anderson read Mill’s ‘experiments in living’ as a model of how ethical knowledge is gained and revised through experience (‘John Stuart Mill and Experiments in Living’, 1991). E. Anderson, “John Stuart Mill and Experiments in Living”, Ethics 102 (1991); J. S. Mill, On Liberty (1859)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जॉन स्टुअर्ट मिल › 1806–1873
जॉन डुई
जिनसे प्रभावित
Anderson defended Dewey’s experimentalist model of democracy, in which citizens learn from the consequences of policies, against jury-theorem and market models (‘The Epistemology of Democracy’, 2006). E. Anderson, “The Epistemology of Democracy”, Episteme 3 (2006); J. Dewey, The Public and Its Problems (1927)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जॉन डुई › 1859–1952
जॉन राल्स जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा
Anderson took her PhD at Harvard in 1987 under Rawls with a dissertation on value in ethics and in economics, which became Value in Ethics and Economics (1993). Mathematics Genealogy Project, entry E. S. Anderson (Harvard 1987); E. Anderson, Value in Ethics and Economics (1993)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जॉन राल्स › 1921–2002
अमर्त्य सेन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Anderson used Sen’s capability approach to define democratic equality as access to the capabilities needed to function as an equal citizen (‘What Is the Point of Equality?’, 1999). E. Anderson, “What Is the Point of Equality?”, Ethics 109 (1999); A. Sen, Inequality Reexamined (1992)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अमर्त्य सेन › जन्म 1933
कृतियाँ
भाग्य-समानतावाद के विरुद्ध: समानता स्वतंत्र लोगों के बीच एक सामाजिक संबंध है, वितरण का कोई प्रतिरूप नहीं।
- 2017निजी सरकार
नियोक्ता मज़दूरों पर सरकारों की तरह शासन करते हैं – जवाबदेही-रहित; उदारवादी सिद्धांत इसे देख क्यों नहीं पाया।
मत
Anderson’s article “What Is the Point of Equality?” criticised the “luck egalitarianism” of Dworkin, Arneson and Cohen, which holds that justice should compensate people for bad luck but not for their choices: it treats citizens as objects of pity and demands intrusive judgments of responsibility. Equality, she argues, is about social relations: a society in which no one is dominated, marginalised or treated as inferior, and all have the capabilities to function as equal citizens. “Private Government” argues that employers exercise a form of government over workers – dictating conduct inside and sometimes outside work, without accountability – which liberal political thought, fixated on the state, has failed to see.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Elizabeth Anderson (born 1959) studied at Swarthmore College and took her doctorate at Harvard in 1987 under John Rawls. She has taught at the University of Michigan since then, where she is John Dewey Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy and Women’s Studies. She received a MacArthur Fellowship in 2019. Her work combines political philosophy, ethics, social epistemology and the philosophy of the social sciences, and she identifies with the pragmatist tradition.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Value in Ethics and Economics (1993)
- What Is the Point of Equality? (1999)
- The Imperative of Integration (2010)
- Private Government (2017)
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