भीमराव आम्बेडकर
जाति का उन्मूलन होना चाहिए, उसे कोमल नहीं बनाना चाहिए, क्योंकि लोकतंत्र का अर्थ बराबरी के रूप में साथ रहना है – और उन्होंने वह नैतिकता बुद्ध की शिक्षा में पाई।
पृष्ठभूमि
दलित विधिवेत्ता, दार्शनिक और भारतीय संविधान के शिल्पकार: जाति का सुधार नहीं, उन्मूलन होना चाहिए; लोकतंत्र साहचर्यपूर्ण जीवन का एक ढंग है – और बुद्ध का धम्म समानता की नैतिकता।
मुख्य विचार
- जाति का उन्मूलन
- सामाजिक लोकतंत्र
- नवयान बौद्ध धर्म
गुरु: जॉन डुई
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 4
गौतम बुद्ध
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Ambedkar converted to Buddhism in 1956 and in The Buddha and His Dhamma (1957) read the Buddha’s teaching as a rational social ethic of equality against caste. B. R. Ambedkar, The Buddha and His Dhamma (1957); E. Zelliot, From Untouchable to Dalit (1992)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
गौतम बुद्ध › लगभग 480–400 ईसा पूर्व · प्रचलित तिथि 563–483 ईसा पूर्व
कबीर
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Ambedkar named Kabir, with the Buddha and Phule, as one of his three teachers; he had grown up in a family devoted to Kabir’s teaching. B. R. Ambedkar, speech at Purandare Stadium, Bombay, 28 Oct. 1954; D. Keer, Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission (1954; 3rd ed. 1971)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
कबीर › लगभग 1440–1518
ज्योतिराव गोविंदराव फुले
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Ambedkar dedicated Who Were the Shudras? (1946) to Phule as ‘the greatest Shudra of modern India’ and took up his critique of Brahmin dominance. B. R. Ambedkar, Who Were the Shudras? (1946), dedication; R. O’Hanlon, Caste, Conflict and Ideology (1985)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
ज्योतिराव गोविंदराव फुले › 1827–1890
जॉन डुई जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा ✓
Ambedkar studied at Columbia from 1913 to 1916 and took Dewey’s courses; his doctorate in economics was supervised by Edwin Seligman, but on Dewey’s death in 1952 he wrote that he owed Dewey his whole intellectual life. A. P. Mukherjee, “B. R. Ambedkar, John Dewey, and the Meaning of Democracy”, New Literary History 40 (2009); S. R. Stroud, The Evolution of Pragmatism in India (2023)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
जॉन डुई › 1859–1952
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 2
कार्ल मार्क्स
जिनकी आलोचना की
In “Buddha or Karl Marx” (written 1956) Ambedkar accepted Marx’s critique of exploitation but rejected violence and the dictatorship of the proletariat: the Buddha’s way of persuasion and moral change, he argued, reaches the same goal more lastingly. B. R. Ambedkar, “Buddha or Karl Marx” (1956), in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, vol. 3 (1987)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कार्ल मार्क्स › 1818–1883
महात्मा गांधी
जिनकी आलोचना की
Ambedkar held that Gandhi’s defence of varna and his paternalism towards the ‘Harijans’ preserved caste, which only its annihilation could end (Annihilation of Caste, 1936). B. R. Ambedkar, Annihilation of Caste, 1936; What Congress and Gandhi Have Done to the Untouchables, 1945
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
महात्मा गांधी › 1869–1948
कृतियाँ
एक भाषण जिसे आयोजकों ने रद्द कर दिया और आम्बेडकर ने स्वयं छपवाया: जाति धार्मिक अनुमोदन पर टिकी है और सुधारी नहीं जा सकती – उसे नष्ट करना होगा।
मत
For Ambedkar caste was a system of graded inequality, maintained by endogamy and sanctioned by Hindu scriptures. It could not be reformed from within; its religious authority itself had to be rejected – the thesis of Annihilation of Caste. From Dewey he took the idea that democracy is not merely a form of government but a mode of associated living, demanding liberty, equality and fraternity in social life. He clashed with Gandhi, who defended an idealised varna order and in 1932, by fasting, pressed him to give up separate electorates for the “Depressed Classes”, as the colonial administration called the Dalits. In The Buddha and His Dhamma he reinterpreted Buddhism as a rational social ethics, later called Navayana.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was born in 1891 at Mhow into a Mahar family, a caste then treated as “untouchable”. He studied in Bombay, at Columbia University – where John Dewey was among his teachers – and at the London School of Economics. He led Dalit movements, became independent India’s first Law Minister and chaired the drafting committee of the Constitution. Weeks before his death in 1956 he converted to Buddhism.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Castes in India (1916)
- Annihilation of Caste (1936)
- Who Were the Shudras? (1946)
- The Buddha and His Dhamma (1957, posthumous)
इनमें आता है
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