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Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar

1891–1956

Pierwsze przybliżeniecelowe uproszczenie – portret mówi więcej

Kasty trzeba zniszczyć, a nie złagodzić, bo demokracja oznacza wspólne życie jako równi – a tę etykę znalazł w nauce Buddy.

Umiejscowienie

Filozofia południowoazjatycka i tybetańska · Azja Południowa · Polityka i prawo, Społeczeństwo i historia, Etyka, Religia

Prawnik i filozof, dalit, architekt konstytucji Indii: kasty trzeba unicestwić, a nie reformować; demokracja jest sposobem wspólnego życia – a Dhamma Buddy etyką równości.

Kluczowe idee

  • Unicestwienie kast
  • Demokracja społeczna
  • Buddyzm navayana

Nauczyciele: John Dewey

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Wpływ

Pod wpływem 4

  • Budda Siakjamuni

    pod wpływem ✓

    Ambedkar converted to Buddhism in 1956 and in The Buddha and His Dhamma (1957) read the Buddha’s teaching as a rational social ethic of equality against caste. B. R. Ambedkar, The Buddha and His Dhamma (1957); E. Zelliot, From Untouchable to Dalit (1992)

    Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata

    Budda Siakjamuni › ok. 480–400 p.n.e. · datowane umownie 563–483 p.n.e.

  • Kabir

    pod wpływem ✓

    Ambedkar named Kabir, with the Buddha and Phule, as one of his three teachers; he had grown up in a family devoted to Kabir’s teaching. B. R. Ambedkar, speech at Purandare Stadium, Bombay, 28 Oct. 1954; D. Keer, Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission (1954; 3rd ed. 1971)

    Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata

    Kabir › ok. 1440–1518

  • Jyotirao Phule

    pod wpływem ✓

    Ambedkar dedicated Who Were the Shudras? (1946) to Phule as ‘the greatest Shudra of modern India’ and took up his critique of Brahmin dominance. B. R. Ambedkar, Who Were the Shudras? (1946), dedication; R. O’Hanlon, Caste, Conflict and Ideology (1985)

    Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata

    Jyotirao Phule › 1827–1890

  • John Dewey nauczyciel(ka)

    nauczyciel(ka) ✓

    Ambedkar studied at Columbia from 1913 to 1916 and took Dewey’s courses; his doctorate in economics was supervised by Edwin Seligman, but on Dewey’s death in 1952 he wrote that he owed Dewey his whole intellectual life. A. P. Mukherjee, “B. R. Ambedkar, John Dewey, and the Meaning of Democracy”, New Literary History 40 (2009); S. R. Stroud, The Evolution of Pragmatism in India (2023)

    Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata

    John Dewey › 1859–1952

Krytyka

Krytykuje 2

  • Karol Marks

    krytykuje

    In “Buddha or Karl Marx” (written 1956) Ambedkar accepted Marx’s critique of exploitation but rejected violence and the dictatorship of the proletariat: the Buddha’s way of persuasion and moral change, he argued, reaches the same goal more lastingly. B. R. Ambedkar, “Buddha or Karl Marx” (1956), in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, vol. 3 (1987)

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Karol Marks › 1818–1883

  • Mahatma Gandhi

    krytykuje

    Ambedkar held that Gandhi’s defence of varna and his paternalism towards the ‘Harijans’ preserved caste, which only its annihilation could end (Annihilation of Caste, 1936). B. R. Ambedkar, Annihilation of Caste, 1936; What Congress and Gandhi Have Done to the Untouchables, 1945

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Mahatma Gandhi › 1869–1948

Dzieła

  • 1936Annihilation of Caste (Unicestwienie kast)

    Przemówienie, które organizatorzy odwołali, a Ambedkar wydrukował sam: kasty opierają się na religijnej sankcji i nie da się ich zreformować – trzeba je zniszczyć.

Stanowisko

For Ambedkar caste was a system of graded inequality, maintained by endogamy and sanctioned by Hindu scriptures. It could not be reformed from within; its religious authority itself had to be rejected – the thesis of Annihilation of Caste. From Dewey he took the idea that democracy is not merely a form of government but a mode of associated living, demanding liberty, equality and fraternity in social life. He clashed with Gandhi, who defended an idealised varna order and in 1932, by fasting, pressed him to give up separate electorates for the “Depressed Classes”, as the colonial administration called the Dalits. In The Buddha and His Dhamma he reinterpreted Buddhism as a rational social ethics, later called Navayana.

Życie i kontekst

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was born in 1891 at Mhow into a Mahar family, a caste then treated as “untouchable”. He studied in Bombay, at Columbia University – where John Dewey was among his teachers – and at the London School of Economics. He led Dalit movements, became independent India’s first Law Minister and chaired the drafting committee of the Constitution. Weeks before his death in 1956 he converted to Buddhism.

Dalsze główne dzieła

  • Castes in India (1916)
  • Who Were the Shudras? (1946)
  • The Buddha and His Dhamma (1957, posthumous)

Pojawia się w

Źródła: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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