कबीर
ईश्वर का कोई रूप नहीं और वह किसी धर्म या जाति का नहीं; हिंदुओं और मुसलमानों दोनों के कर्मकांड और ग्रंथ उसे चूक जाते हैं जो भीतर मिलता है।
पृष्ठभूमि
बनारस के जुलाहे-कवि: उनके पद हिंदुओं और मुसलमानों दोनों के कर्मकांडों और ग्रंथों का उपहास करते हैं और सभी जातियों के लिए खुले, निराकार ईश्वर को अपने भीतर खोजते हैं।
मुख्य विचार
- निर्गुण भक्ति
- कर्मकांड और जाति की आलोचना
- हिंदू और मुसलमान से परे ईश्वर
प्रभाव
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 2
रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Tagore translated One Hundred Poems of Kabir (1915, with Evelyn Underhill) from Kshitimohan Sen’s collection; many of the poems are of doubtful authenticity. R. Tagore (tr.), One Hundred Poems of Kabir (1915); C. Vaudeville, Kabir (1974)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर › 1861–1941
भीमराव आम्बेडकर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Ambedkar named Kabir, with the Buddha and Phule, as one of his three teachers; he had grown up in a family devoted to Kabir’s teaching. B. R. Ambedkar, speech at Purandare Stadium, Bombay, 28 Oct. 1954; D. Keer, Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission (1954; 3rd ed. 1971)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
भीमराव आम्बेडकर › 1891–1956
मत
Kabir’s couplets and songs proclaim a God without attributes or form (nirguna), whom he calls Ram, Hari or Allah and who is found within the heart through love, the divine name and the guidance of the true guru. With biting irony he mocked Brahmin and mullah alike, idols and mosques, pilgrimage, fasting and caste: before God all are equal. Which of the thousands of verses ascribed to him are authentic is often uncertain. His poems entered the Sikh scripture and inspired the Kabir Panth; Tagore translated a selection, partly of doubtful authenticity, and Ambedkar counted Kabir, with the Buddha and Phule, among his three teachers.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Kabir grew up in a family of Muslim weavers (julaha) in Benares. His dates are uncertain: tradition gives 1398–1518, and modern estimates range from about 1398–1448 to 1440–1518. He probably could not read or write; his poems were sung and passed on orally. Legend makes him a disciple of the Hindu teacher Ramananda, which historians doubt, and has him die at Maghar, where Hindus and Muslims disputed his body.
प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Bijak (scripture of the Kabir Panth, compiled after his death)
- Kabir Granthavali (collection transmitted in Rajasthan, manuscripts from c. 1600)
- Verses in the Sikh Adi Granth (compiled 1604)
- Songs of Kabir (English selection by Tagore, 1915)
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