अल-राज़ी
उनके विरोधियों के विवरणों के अनुसार, तर्क सबको दिया गया है और पैग़ंबरों के अधिकार से अधिक मूल्यवान है – और ईश्वर, आत्मा, पदार्थ, स्थान और काल सब सदा से अस्तित्व में रहे हैं।
पृष्ठभूमि
फ़ारसी चिकित्सक (रेज़ेस) और स्वतंत्रचेता: अपने विरोधियों के विवरणों के अनुसार वे पैग़ंबरीय अधिकार से अधिक तर्क पर भरोसा करते थे; उन्होंने पाँच शाश्वत सिद्धांत सिखाए – ईश्वर, आत्मा, पदार्थ, स्थान और काल।
मुख्य विचार
- पाँच शाश्वत सिद्धांत
- तर्क की प्राथमिकता
- आध्यात्मिक चिकित्सा
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 2
डेमोक्रिटस
जिनसे प्रभावित विवादित
Al-Razi taught that bodies consist of indivisible atoms and void; whether his atomism derives from Democritus through Greek sources or from other traditions is disputed. S. Pines, Beiträge zur islamischen Atomenlehre (1936); P. Adamson, Al-Razi (2021)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
डेमोक्रिटस › लगभग 460–370 ईसा पूर्व
प्लेटो
जिनसे प्रभावित
Al-Razi built his doctrine of five eternal principles – Creator, Soul, matter, absolute time and absolute place – largely on Plato’s Timaeus. P. Adamson, Al-Razi (2021)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
प्लेटो › 428–348 ईसा पूर्व
कृतियाँ
आत्मा की औषधि के रूप में नीति: तर्क को भावनाओं पर शासन करना चाहिए।
मत
Al-Razi was a freethinker in medicine and philosophy. He held five principles to be eternal: the Creator, the soul, matter, absolute space and absolute time; the world arose when the soul, enamoured of matter, sought union with it, and God gave it reason to free itself. Reason, he taught, is God’s greatest gift and open to all; according to his opponents, who preserved many of his views, he therefore saw no need for prophets. His ethics, modelled on Socrates, has reason heal the soul by governing the passions. In medicine he valued observation over authority, even doubting Galen, and was the first to clearly distinguish smallpox from measles.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Abu Bakr al-Razi, known in Latin as Rhazes, was born around 865 in Rayy near present-day Tehran. According to tradition he turned to medicine only as an adult, after earlier interests in music and alchemy. He directed hospitals in Rayy and Baghdad, dedicated works to Persian princes and became the most famous clinician of his age. Late in life he went blind; he died in Rayy around 925.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- The Comprehensive Book (al-Hawi, compiled from his notes after his death)
- The Book for al-Mansur (Kitab al-Mansuri, c. 903)
- The Spiritual Physick (al-Tibb al-ruhani, c. 910)
- The Philosophical Life (al-Sira al-falsafiyya, late work)
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