Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
Według relacji jego przeciwników rozum jest dany każdemu i jest wart więcej niż autorytet proroków – a Bóg, dusza, materia, przestrzeń i czas istniały zawsze.
Umiejscowienie
Perski lekarz (Rhazes) i wolnomyśliciel: według relacji jego przeciwników ufał rozumowi bardziej niż autorytetowi proroków; nauczał pięciu wiecznych zasad – Boga, duszy, materii, przestrzeni i czasu.
Kluczowe idee
- Pięć wiecznych zasad
- Prymat rozumu
- Medycyna duchowa
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 2
Demokryt
pod wpływem sporne
Al-Razi taught that bodies consist of indivisible atoms and void; whether his atomism derives from Democritus through Greek sources or from other traditions is disputed. S. Pines, Beiträge zur islamischen Atomenlehre (1936); P. Adamson, Al-Razi (2021)
Źródło: szkic AI
Demokryt › ok. 460–370 p.n.e.
Platon
pod wpływem
Al-Razi built his doctrine of five eternal principles – Creator, Soul, matter, absolute time and absolute place – largely on Plato’s Timaeus. P. Adamson, Al-Razi (2021)
Źródło: szkic AI
Platon › 428–348 p.n.e.
Dzieła
Etyka jako medycyna duszy: rozum musi panować nad namiętnościami.
Stanowisko
Al-Razi was a freethinker in medicine and philosophy. He held five principles to be eternal: the Creator, the soul, matter, absolute space and absolute time; the world arose when the soul, enamoured of matter, sought union with it, and God gave it reason to free itself. Reason, he taught, is God’s greatest gift and open to all; according to his opponents, who preserved many of his views, he therefore saw no need for prophets. His ethics, modelled on Socrates, has reason heal the soul by governing the passions. In medicine he valued observation over authority, even doubting Galen, and was the first to clearly distinguish smallpox from measles.
Życie i kontekst
Abu Bakr al-Razi, known in Latin as Rhazes, was born around 865 in Rayy near present-day Tehran. According to tradition he turned to medicine only as an adult, after earlier interests in music and alchemy. He directed hospitals in Rayy and Baghdad, dedicated works to Persian princes and became the most famous clinician of his age. Late in life he went blind; he died in Rayy around 925.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- The Comprehensive Book (al-Hawi, compiled from his notes after his death)
- The Book for al-Mansur (Kitab al-Mansuri, c. 903)
- The Spiritual Physick (al-Tibb al-ruhani, c. 910)
- The Philosophical Life (al-Sira al-falsafiyya, late work)
Stan na listopad 2026 · Źródła · Ulepsz tę stronę · Jak powstaje Agora