أبو بكر الرازي

الأعمال

• نحو 910الطب الروحاني

  الأخلاق بوصفها طبَّ النفس: على العقل أن يحكم الأهواء.

الموقف

Al-Razi was a freethinker in medicine and philosophy. He held five principles to be eternal: the Creator, the soul, matter, absolute space and absolute time; the world arose when the soul, enamoured of matter, sought union with it, and God gave it reason to free itself. Reason, he taught, is God’s greatest gift and open to all; according to his opponents, who preserved many of his views, he therefore saw no need for prophets. His ethics, modelled on Socrates, has reason heal the soul by governing the passions. In medicine he valued observation over authority, even doubting Galen, and was the first to clearly distinguish smallpox from measles.

الحياة والسياق

Abu Bakr al-Razi, known in Latin as Rhazes, was born around 865 in Rayy near present-day Tehran. According to tradition he turned to medicine only as an adult, after earlier interests in music and alchemy. He directed hospitals in Rayy and Baghdad, dedicated works to Persian princes and became the most famous clinician of his age. Late in life he went blind; he died in Rayy around 925.

أعمال رئيسة أخرى

• The Comprehensive Book (al-Hawi, compiled from his notes after his death)
• The Book for al-Mansur (Kitab al-Mansuri, c. 903)
• The Spiritual Physick (al-Tibb al-ruhani, c. 910)
• The Philosophical Life (al-Sira al-falsafiyya, late work)