李珥（栗谷）

Agora

李珥（栗谷）

1536–1584

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

我们所有的情感都产生于气，理只是乘在气上——而这一观点应当指导国家的实际改革。

定位

东亚哲学 · 东亚 · 形而上学, 伦理学, 政治与法

朝鲜新儒家与改革者：与李滉相反，只有气（物质性的力）发出情感，而理“乘”于其上。

核心思想

气发理乘
四端七情之辩
务实的改革

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影响

受影响于 1

朱熹

受其影响
Yi I (Yulgok) recast Zhu Xi’s theory of principle and material force as the idea that principle runs through all things while material force sets their limits (itong giguk; letters to Seong Hon, 1572). Yi I, letters to Seong Hon (1572); Seonghak jibyo (1575); E. Y. J. Chung, The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi T’oegye and Yi Yulgok (1995); M. C. Kalton et al., The Four-Seven Debate (1994)
依据: AI 草稿
朱熹 › 1130–1200

批评

批评了 1

李滉

批评了
Yi I (Yulgok) rejected Yi Hwang’s view that principle (li) and material force (qi) each ‘issue’ feelings: only qi issues, with li riding upon it (Four–Seven Debate). Yi I, letters to Seong Hon (1572); M. Kalton et al., The Four-Seven Debate, 1994
依据: AI 草稿
李滉 › 1501–1570

作品

1575圣学辑要（Seonghak jibyo）
为宣祖王所编的新儒学教导汇编，涉及修身、家庭与政务。

立场

In the Four–Seven Debate on how Mencius’ four sprouts of virtue relate to the seven emotions, Yi Hwang had held that the four issue from principle (li) and the seven from material force (qi). In letters to Seong Hon from 1572, Yulgok replied that only qi can issue: li “rides” on it as its pattern, so there is only one path. The four sprouts are the good part of the seven emotions, not a separate source; li is universal, while qi particularises. He stressed sincerity and submitted bold reform memorials on taxation and administration. His school and Yi Hwang’s shaped Korean Neo-Confucianism, and its factions, for centuries.

生平与背景

Yi I, known by his pen name Yulgok, was born in 1536 in Gangneung; his mother, Sin Saimdang, was a celebrated painter and poet. After her death he spent a year in a Buddhist monastery, which opponents later held against him. According to tradition he took first place in nine state examinations. He visited Yi Hwang in 1558, held high offices under King Seonjo and died in 1584.