王弼

Agora

王弼

226–249

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

在一切存在的事物之下，是无，即它们所由来的空虚的根——而一旦领会了意义，就应当舍弃言辞。

定位

东亚哲学 · 东亚 · 形而上学, 语言

“玄学”的神童，23岁去世：他对《老子》和《易经》的注释把“无”当作一切存在之物的根本。

核心思想

以无为本（本无）
得意忘言
孔子是“无”的体现

在星图中打开

影响

受影响于 2

老子

受其影响
Wang Bi’s commentary on the Laozi and his Outline of its Subtle Points read the Way as non-being (wu), the root from which all beings arise. Wang Bi, Laozi zhu; Laozi weizhi lilüe; R. G. Wagner, A Chinese Reading of the Daodejing (2003); SEP “Wang Bi”
依据: AI 草稿
老子 › 传说人物
孔子

受其影响
Wang Bi commented on the Analects (Lunyu shiyi) and held that Confucius embodied non-being and therefore did not speak of it, whereas Laozi still had to. Wang Bi, Lunyu shiyi (fragments); Liu Yiqing, Shishuo xinyu; R. G. Wagner, The Craft of a Chinese Commentator (2000); SEP “Wang Bi”
依据: AI 草稿
孔子 › 相传公元前551—前479年

批评

受批评于 1

郭象

受其批评
Guo Xiang denied, against the view of nonbeing as the root associated with Wang Bi, that nonbeing can produce being: things arise of themselves (Commentary on the Zhuangzi). Guo Xiang, Zhuangzi zhu, on ch. 2; B. Ziporyn, The Penumbra Unbound, 2003; SEP “Neo-Daoism”
依据: AI 草稿
郭象 › 约252–312年

作品

约245年老子注
数百年来《道德经》的标准注释：万物生于无，而无本身无法被命名。

立场

Wang Bi was the leading mind of “Dark Learning” (xuanxue), which read the classics in the light of the Laozi and the Book of Changes. Behind all things, he argued, lies non-being (wu): not empty nothingness but the nameless, formless root that lets things be what they are without being one of them. Words convey images and images meaning, but once the meaning is grasped the words may be forgotten. Confucius, he said, embodied non-being and so did not speak of it, while Laozi still had to talk about it. Guo Xiang rejected non-being as root, but Wang’s commentary on the Changes became the standard one under the Tang.

生平与背景

Wang Bi was born in 226 into a distinguished family of scholars in the state of Wei. As a teenager he impressed the leading intellectuals of the capital Luoyang, among them the statesman He Yan, who helped him to a minor court post. When He Yan’s patron Cao Shuang was overthrown in 249, Wang lost his office; he died of illness the same year, aged only 23.