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马克斯·施蒂纳

1806–1856

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

上帝、人类、国家和道德不过是缠绕着我们的观念——除了独一无二的个体及其所能称为自己的东西之外，没有什么是真实的。

定位

生命哲学与存在哲学 · 西欧 · 伦理学, 政治与法, 存在与自我

青年黑格尔派的挑衅者：上帝、人类和国家都是“幽灵”——只剩下独一无二的个体及其所有物。

核心思想

  • 唯一者
  • 利己主义
  • 幽灵（固定观念）

老师: 格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔

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影响

受影响于 1

  • 格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔 师从

    师从 ✓

    Stirner studied in Berlin from 1826 to 1828 and attended three of Hegel’s lecture series – on the philosophy of religion, the history of philosophy and the philosophy of subjective spirit. Lecture attendance, no closer contact is known. SEP “Max Stirner”; J. H. Mackay, Max Stirner. Sein Leben und sein Werk (1898)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔 › 1770–1831

批评

受批评于 1

  • 卡尔·马克思

    受其批评

    In ‘Saint Max’, the longest part of The German Ideology (1845–46), Marx and Engels mocked Stirner’s Unique One as a petty-bourgeois abstraction from real social relations. K. Marx & F. Engels, Die deutsche Ideologie (1845–46; publ. 1932), vol. I, part III “Sankt Max”; SEP “Max Stirner”

    依据: AI 草稿

    卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883

批评了 1

  • 路德维希·费尔巴哈

    批评了

    Stirner charged that Feuerbach had merely replaced God with ‘Man’, another sacred spook set above the individual (The Ego and Its Own, 1844). M. Stirner, Der Einzige und sein Eigentum (1844), Part I; SEP “Max Stirner”

    依据: AI 草稿

    路德维希·费尔巴哈 › 1804–1872

作品

立场

Stirner pushed the Young Hegelian critique of religion to its limit. Feuerbach had dissolved God into the essence of humanity – but “humanity”, “morality”, “the state” and “society”, Stirner argued, are only new gods, “spooks” or fixed ideas to which the individual is sacrificed. Against them he set the “unique one”: the concrete, finite self that recognizes no cause above itself and treats everything, ideas included, as its own property. Instead of states and parties he imagined voluntary unions of egoists. Marx and Engels attacked him at length in The German Ideology; later he was claimed by individualist anarchists and read as a forerunner of Nietzsche and existentialism.

生平与背景

Max Stirner, born Johann Caspar Schmidt in Bayreuth in 1806, studied in Berlin, where he heard Hegel, as well as in Erlangen and Königsberg. He taught at a private girls’ school in Berlin and joined the Young Hegelians known as “the Free”. After his one major book appeared in 1844 he lived in poverty, failed in business and was twice imprisoned for debt. He died in Berlin in 1856.

其他主要作品

  • The False Principle of Our Education (1842)
  • The Ego and Its Own (1844)
  • Stirner’s Critics (1845)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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