莫里茨·石里克
一个陈述只有在我们能说出如何检验它时才有意义——所以无论如何都无法检验的主张什么也没有说。
定位
维也纳学派的创立者：一个命题的意义就是其证实的方法。
核心思想
- 维也纳学派
- 证实主义
影响
受影响于 3
恩斯特·马赫
受其影响
Schlick took Mach’s former Vienna chair (1922) and chaired the Verein Ernst Mach (1928), though his early critical realism had rejected Mach’s positivism (Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre, 1918). M. Schlick, Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre (1918); SEP “Moritz Schlick”; SEP “Vienna Circle”
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
恩斯特·马赫 › 1838–1916
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
受其影响
Schlick gave an early philosophical account of relativity, welcomed by Einstein (Raum und Zeit in der gegenwärtigen Physik, 1917), and built his theory of knowledge on it (1918). M. Schlick, Raum und Zeit in der gegenwärtigen Physik (1917); Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre (1918); SEP “Moritz Schlick”
依据: AI 草稿
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 › 1879–1955
路德维希·维特根斯坦
受其影响
Schlick saw in the Tractatus the turning point of philosophy, now an activity of clarifying meaning, not a science (‘Die Wende der Philosophie’, 1930); they met from 1927. M. Schlick, “Die Wende der Philosophie”, Erkenntnis 1 (1930); F. Waismann, Wittgenstein und der Wiener Kreis (ed. B. McGuinness, 1967); SEP “Moritz Schlick”
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
路德维希·维特根斯坦 › 1889–1951
影响了 3
库尔特·哥德尔
影响了
Gödel attended Schlick’s seminar on Russell’s Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy and, from 1926, meetings of the Vienna Circle, without adopting its positivism. J. W. Dawson, Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Gödel (1997); SEP “Kurt Gödel”
依据: AI 草稿
库尔特·哥德尔 › 1906–1978
A. J. 艾耶尔
影响了
Ayer, sent to Vienna by Ryle, attended meetings of Schlick’s circle (1932–33) and brought its verification principle and rejection of metaphysics to Britain (Language, Truth and Logic, 1936). A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth and Logic (1936); Part of My Life (1977); M. Schlick, “Meaning and Verification”, Philosophical Review 45 (1936); SEP “Alfred Jules Ayer”
依据: AI 草稿
A. J. 艾耶尔 › 1910–1989
阿恩·奈斯
影响了
Næss took part in Schlick’s circle in Vienna (1934–35) and turned its empiricism into an empirical semantics, testing views of truth by questionnaires among non-philosophers (1938). A. Næss, Erkenntnis und wissenschaftliches Verhalten (1936); “Truth” as Conceived by Those Who Are Not Professional Philosophers (1938)
依据: AI 草稿
阿恩·奈斯 › 1912–2009
批评
受批评于 1
奥托·纽拉特
受其批评
Neurath rejected Schlick’s ‘affirmations’ as an unshakeable foundation of knowledge: all statements, protocol sentences included, remain revisable (‘Radikaler Physikalismus und „wirkliche Welt“’, 1934). O. Neurath, “Radikaler Physikalismus und »wirkliche Welt«”, Erkenntnis 4 (1934); M. Schlick, “Über das Fundament der Erkenntnis”, Erkenntnis 4 (1934); O. Neurath, “Protokollsätze”, Erkenntnis 3 (1932/33)
依据: AI 草稿
奥托·纽拉特 › 1882–1945
作品
- 1930哲学的转变
哲学不是一套学说，而是澄清意义的活动。
立场
Schlick wanted philosophy to learn from the revolution in physics, above all from Einstein’s relativity, which he was among the first to interpret philosophically. Knowledge, he argued, is not a mirror of things but a coordination of signs with reality. In the Vienna years he defended the principle that the meaning of a statement lies in the method of its verification: what no possible experience could ever confirm or refute says nothing at all. Philosophy thus becomes not a body of doctrines but an activity of clarifying meaning, while the sciences establish truths. This program shaped logical empiricism and, through Carnap and others, analytic philosophy in the English-speaking world.
生平与背景
Born in Berlin in 1882, Schlick earned his doctorate in physics under Max Planck before turning to philosophy. After posts in Rostock and Kiel he took the chair of natural philosophy in Vienna in 1922, where a discussion group of philosophers, mathematicians and scientists formed around him: the Vienna Circle. In 1936 he was shot dead on the university steps by a former student.
其他主要作品
- Space and Time in Contemporary Physics (1917)
- General Theory of Knowledge (1918)
- Problems of Ethics (1930)
- The Turning Point in Philosophy (1930)
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