मारित्ज़ श्लिक
कोई कथन तभी अर्थपूर्ण है जब हम बता सकें कि उसे कैसे जाँचा जाए – इसलिए जिन दावों को किसी भी प्रकार परखा नहीं जा सकता वे कुछ नहीं कहते।
पृष्ठभूमि
वियना सर्कल के संस्थापक: किसी वाक्य का अर्थ उसके सत्यापन की विधि है।
मुख्य विचार
- वियना सर्कल
- सत्यापनवाद
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
अर्न्स्ट माक
जिनसे प्रभावित
Schlick took Mach’s former Vienna chair (1922) and chaired the Verein Ernst Mach (1928), though his early critical realism had rejected Mach’s positivism (Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre, 1918). M. Schlick, Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre (1918); SEP “Moritz Schlick”; SEP “Vienna Circle”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
अर्न्स्ट माक › 1838–1916
अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Schlick gave an early philosophical account of relativity, welcomed by Einstein (Raum und Zeit in der gegenwärtigen Physik, 1917), and built his theory of knowledge on it (1918). M. Schlick, Raum und Zeit in der gegenwärtigen Physik (1917); Allgemeine Erkenntnislehre (1918); SEP “Moritz Schlick”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन › 1879–1955
लुडविग विट्गेंश्टाइन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Schlick saw in the Tractatus the turning point of philosophy, now an activity of clarifying meaning, not a science (‘Die Wende der Philosophie’, 1930); they met from 1927. M. Schlick, “Die Wende der Philosophie”, Erkenntnis 1 (1930); F. Waismann, Wittgenstein und der Wiener Kreis (ed. B. McGuinness, 1967); SEP “Moritz Schlick”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
लुडविग विट्गेंश्टाइन › 1889–1951
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 3
कुर्ट गेडेल
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Gödel attended Schlick’s seminar on Russell’s Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy and, from 1926, meetings of the Vienna Circle, without adopting its positivism. J. W. Dawson, Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Gödel (1997); SEP “Kurt Gödel”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कुर्ट गेडेल › 1906–1978
ए. जे. एयर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Ayer, sent to Vienna by Ryle, attended meetings of Schlick’s circle (1932–33) and brought its verification principle and rejection of metaphysics to Britain (Language, Truth and Logic, 1936). A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth and Logic (1936); Part of My Life (1977); M. Schlick, “Meaning and Verification”, Philosophical Review 45 (1936); SEP “Alfred Jules Ayer”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
ए. जे. एयर › 1910–1989
आर्ने नेस
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Næss took part in Schlick’s circle in Vienna (1934–35) and turned its empiricism into an empirical semantics, testing views of truth by questionnaires among non-philosophers (1938). A. Næss, Erkenntnis und wissenschaftliches Verhalten (1936); “Truth” as Conceived by Those Who Are Not Professional Philosophers (1938)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
आर्ने नेस › 1912–2009
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 1
ओटो न्यूरथ
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Neurath rejected Schlick’s ‘affirmations’ as an unshakeable foundation of knowledge: all statements, protocol sentences included, remain revisable (‘Radikaler Physikalismus und „wirkliche Welt“’, 1934). O. Neurath, “Radikaler Physikalismus und »wirkliche Welt«”, Erkenntnis 4 (1934); M. Schlick, “Über das Fundament der Erkenntnis”, Erkenntnis 4 (1934); O. Neurath, “Protokollsätze”, Erkenntnis 3 (1932/33)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
ओटो न्यूरथ › 1882–1945
कृतियाँ
दर्शन सिद्धांतों का समूह नहीं बल्कि अर्थ को स्पष्ट करने की गतिविधि है।
मत
Schlick wanted philosophy to learn from the revolution in physics, above all from Einstein’s relativity, which he was among the first to interpret philosophically. Knowledge, he argued, is not a mirror of things but a coordination of signs with reality. In the Vienna years he defended the principle that the meaning of a statement lies in the method of its verification: what no possible experience could ever confirm or refute says nothing at all. Philosophy thus becomes not a body of doctrines but an activity of clarifying meaning, while the sciences establish truths. This program shaped logical empiricism and, through Carnap and others, analytic philosophy in the English-speaking world.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Born in Berlin in 1882, Schlick earned his doctorate in physics under Max Planck before turning to philosophy. After posts in Rostock and Kiel he took the chair of natural philosophy in Vienna in 1922, where a discussion group of philosophers, mathematicians and scientists formed around him: the Vienna Circle. In 1936 he was shot dead on the university steps by a former student.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Space and Time in Contemporary Physics (1917)
- General Theory of Knowledge (1918)
- Problems of Ethics (1930)
- The Turning Point in Philosophy (1930)
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