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牟宗三

1909–1995

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

与康德相反，道德经验让我们直接洞见到自己真正的自我——所以儒家伦理可以奠定一整套形而上学。

定位

东亚哲学 · 东亚 · 形而上学, 伦理学, 认识论

新儒家的主要代表，也是康德三大批判的译者：与康德相反，儒家的道德经验赋予人对道德自我的“智的直觉”。

核心思想

  • 智的直觉
  • 道德的形而上学
  • 两层存有论（一心开二门）

老师: 熊十力

学生: 杜维明

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影响

受影响于 4

  • 孟子

    受其影响

    Mou Zongsan took Mencius’ original mind as the moral mind that is itself creative reality and opened On the Highest Good (1985) by commenting on the Mencius. Mou Zongsan, Xinti yu xingti (1968–69); Yuanshan lun (1985); IEP “Mou Zongsan”

    依据: AI 草稿

    孟子 › 约公元前372—前289年年

  • 王阳明

    受其影响

    Mou Zongsan placed Wang Yangming’s innate knowing in the main line of Confucian moral metaphysics, from Mencius through Lu Jiuyuan (From Lu Xiangshan to Liu Jishan, 1979). Mou Zongsan, Cong Lu Xiangshan dao Liu Jishan (1979); Xinti yu xingti (1968–69); IEP “Mou Zongsan”

    依据: AI 草稿

    王阳明 › 1472–1529

  • 伊曼努尔·康德

    受其影响

    Mou Zongsan, who translated Kant’s three Critiques, kept Kant’s framework but argued that moral experience grants humans intellectual intuition (Intellectual Intuition and Chinese Philosophy, 1971). Mou Zongsan, Zhi de zhijue yu Zhongguo zhexue (1971); Xianxiang yu wu zishen (1975); IEP “Mou Zongsan”

    依据: AI 草稿

    伊曼努尔·康德 › 1724–1804

  • 熊十力 师从

    师从

    Mou met Xiong in 1932 as a student at Peking University and became his disciple; Xiong’s metaphysics of the original mind shaped his later New Confucian philosophy. Mou Zongsan, Wushi zishu (Autobiography at Fifty, 1989); N. S. Chan, The Thought of Mou Zongsan (2011)

    依据: AI 草稿

    熊十力 › 1885–1968

影响了 1

  • 杜维明 教过

    教过

    Tu studied Chinese literature at Tunghai University in Taiwan (BA 1961), where he studied directly with Mou and with Xu Fuguan; these studies led to a Harvard-Yenching scholarship. IEP “Tu Weiming”

    依据: AI 草稿

    杜维明 › 1940年生

批评

批评了 2

  • 朱熹

    批评了

    Mou Zongsan judged that Zhu Xi made a side branch the main line: his principle merely exists and is inactive, unlike Mencius’ moral mind (Xinti yu xingti). Mou Zongsan, Xinti yu xingti (1968–69); N. S. Chan, The Thought of Mou Zongsan, 2011

    依据: AI 草稿

    朱熹 › 1130–1200

  • 马丁·海德格尔

    批评了

    In Intellectual Intuition and Chinese Philosophy (1971) Mou credited Heidegger’s Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics with opening Kant to him, but objected that Heidegger’s stress on human finitude leaves no room for the infinite, self-legislating moral mind that Confucianism ascribes to human beings. Mou Zongsan, Zhi de zhijue yu Zhongguo zhexue (1971); S. Billioud, “Mou Zongsan’s Problem with the Heideggerian Interpretation of Kant”, Journal of Chinese Philosophy 33 (2006)

    依据: AI 草稿

    马丁·海德格尔 › 1889–1976

作品

  • 1958为中国文化敬告世界人士宣言

    由唐君毅起草，与牟宗三、徐复观、张君劢联署：中国文化不是汉学研究的死物，而是一个以心性之学为核心的活的传统；它应当吸纳科学与民主。

  • 1971智的直觉与中国哲学

    康德把智的直觉仅留给上帝；牟宗三论证，儒家、道家和佛教传统都肯定人也拥有它。

立场

Mou Zongsan read Confucianism through Kant and Kant through Confucianism. Kant denied finite humans intellectual intuition; Mou argued that in moral experience – Mencius’ original mind, Wang Yangming’s innate knowing – an infinite mind is present, so a “moral metaphysics” is possible where Kant allowed only a metaphysics of morals. The one mind opens two levels: phenomena, known by science, and things in themselves, the realm of value. Zhu Xi, who sought principle outside the mind, he judged a side branch. To ground democracy and science, innate knowing must “negate itself” – a thesis critics find obscure. An anti-communist in exile, he shaped New Confucians like Tu Weiming.

生平与背景

Mou Zongsan was born in 1909 in Qixia (Shandong) into a farming family. At Peking University he became a disciple of the New Confucian Xiong Shili and first worked on logic, Russell and Whitehead. In 1949 he left for Taiwan; in 1958 he co-signed the New Confucian manifesto on Chinese culture, and from 1960 he taught in Hong Kong. He translated Kant’s three Critiques and died in Taipei in 1995.

其他主要作品

  • Mind and Nature as Substance (Xinti yu xingti, 3 vols., 1968–69)
  • Intellectual Intuition and Chinese Philosophy (Zhi de zhijue yu Zhongguo zhexue, 1971)
  • Phenomenon and Thing-in-Itself (Xianxiang yu wu zishen, 1975)
  • On the Highest Good (Yuanshan lun, 1985)

出现在

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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