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托马斯·卢克曼

1927–2016

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我们视为现实的东西，是由我们共享的日常知识建构起来的，而在现代生活中，宗教并没有消失，而是从教会转移到了私人生活之中。

定位

社会学与社会理论 · 南欧 · 社会与历史, 宗教, 认识论

知识社会学与宗教社会学家，生于今斯洛文尼亚，主要在康斯坦茨任教：他与伯格一起表明日常知识如何建构社会实在；在现代社会中，宗教变得“不可见”，成为教会之外对意义的私人探求。

核心思想

  • 实在的社会建构
  • 不可见的宗教
  • 生活世界的结构（与舒茨合作）

老师: 阿尔弗雷德·舒茨

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影响

受影响于 5

  • 埃米尔·涂尔干

    受其影响

    Against a church-centred sociology of religion, Luckmann took up Durkheim’s functional view of religion as what binds individuals into a social order of meaning (The Invisible Religion, 1967). T. Luckmann, Das Problem der Religion in der modernen Gesellschaft (1963); The Invisible Religion (1967)

    依据: AI 草稿

    埃米尔·涂尔干 › 1858–1917

  • 埃德蒙德·胡塞尔

    受其影响 ✓

    Luckmann continued Husserl’s analysis of the life-world in completing Schutz’s Structures of the Life-World (1975, 1984) and treated phenomenology as a ‘protosociology’ underlying social science. A. Schütz and T. Luckmann, Strukturen der Lebenswelt (1975, 1984); T. Luckmann, “Philosophie, Sozialwissenschaft und Alltagsleben” (1973); SEP “Edmund Husserl”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    埃德蒙德·胡塞尔 › 1859–1938

  • 乔治·赫伯特·米德

    受其影响 ✓

    With Berger, Luckmann took over Mead’s account of socialisation through significant others and the ‘generalized other’, internalising society’s roles and norms (The Social Construction of Reality, 1966). P. L. Berger and T. Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality (1966); G. H. Mead, Mind, Self, and Society (1934); SEP “George Herbert Mead”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    乔治·赫伯特·米德 › 1863–1931

  • 马克斯·韦伯

    受其影响 ✓

    With Berger, Luckmann joined Weber’s subjective meaning of action to Durkheim’s social facts: society is a human product and an objective reality (The Social Construction of Reality, 1966). P. L. Berger and T. Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality (1966), introduction; SEP “Max Weber”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    马克斯·韦伯 › 1864–1920

  • 阿尔弗雷德·舒茨 师从

    师从 ✓

    Luckmann studied at the New School for Social Research in New York in the 1950s and attended Schutz’s courses; after Schutz’s death he completed Strukturen der Lebenswelt from his drafts (1975/1984). A. Schütz & T. Luckmann, Strukturen der Lebenswelt I (1975), preface

    依据: AI 草稿

    阿尔弗雷德·舒茨 › 1899–1959

作品

  • 1966现实的社会建构

    一部知识社会学论著：社会是人的产物，社会是客观的实在，人是社会的产物。

  • 1967无形的宗教

    宗教在现代社会中并没有消失；它离开了教会，成为个人意义的私人事务。

立场

With Berger, Luckmann gave the sociology of knowledge a new subject: not the ideas of intellectuals but the everyday knowledge by which people orient themselves. Habits become institutions, institutions are legitimated by stories and theories, and each new generation internalises them as simply the way the world is; society is a human product and at the same time an objective reality. In his study of religion (German 1963; enlarged as The Invisible Religion, 1967) Luckmann criticised a sociology of religion that counted church attendance. Religion, he argued, is the capacity of human beings to transcend their biological nature by building worlds of meaning; in modern societies it does not disappear but leaves the churches and becomes a private assortment of meanings – the self, family, sexuality, self-realisation. Critics objected that so broad a concept of religion includes almost everything, even football. In Konstanz he turned to the sociology of communication and studied “communicative genres” – fixed patterns such as gossip, conversion stories or moral sermons – through which societies pass on knowledge and morality. His students, among them Hubert Knoblauch, built on this in what became known as “communicative constructivism”.

生平与背景

Thomas Luckmann was born in 1927 in Jesenice, then in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia from 1929), today in Slovenia, to an Austrian father and a Slovenian mother. He studied philosophy and linguistics in Vienna and Innsbruck and in 1950 emigrated to the United States, where he studied at the New School for Social Research in New York with Alfred Schutz and took his doctorate in 1956. After teaching at Hobart College and the New School he became professor in Frankfurt in 1965, and in 1970 at the new University of Konstanz, where he taught until 1994. Together with Peter L. Berger, his friend from the New School, he wrote The Social Construction of Reality (1966). After Schutz’s death he completed The Structures of the Life-World from Schutz’s notes (German 1975 and 1984). He died at his home in Carinthia in 2016.

其他主要作品

  • The Social Construction of Reality (with Peter L. Berger, 1966)
  • The Invisible Religion (1967; German original 1963)
  • The Structures of the Life-World (with Alfred Schutz, 1975/1984)
  • Theory of Social Action (Theorie des sozialen Handelns, 1992)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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