埃米尔·拉斯克

作品

• 1902费希特的观念论与历史

  拉斯1902年在弗莱堡师从李凯尔特写成的博士论文，论费希特的观念论及其与历史的关系；他的第一部重要著作，比哲学的逻辑学早九年。

• 1911哲学的逻辑与范畴学说

  把哲学发展为关于有效性的科学：拉斯追问，感性的、非理性的内容如何能成为概念形式的质料而不被还原为概念，并把有效性与客观性称为形式的两种类型；西南德意志学派的主要著作之一。

立场

Lask is on the map as the most influential and philosophically sophisticated student of Windelband and Rickert, in the words of the SEP entry on neo-Kantianism. Like his teachers he held that philosophy is the science of validity, but he worried that the stress on the objectivity of the valid and on the split between the factual and the normative could harden into a two-world metaphysics. In The Logic of Philosophy and the Doctrine of Categories (1911) he turned this into a two-element view: the form of a sense is validity, the form of an object is objectivity, and sensory content can be matter for conceptual form without being reduced to it. The Doctrine of Judgment (1912) added a primary object between the content of a judgment and the object judged. The problem of the irrational given, which Lask posed in this form, was taken over by Max Weber, who names him with Windelband and Rickert as a source of his epistemology; it also shaped the young Georg Lukács. Heidegger’s lecture course of 1919 made Lask’s philosophy of value a target of phenomenological critique, and Lask criticised Rickert’s view that natural science and historical individualisation are equally legitimate.

生平与背景

Emil Lask was born in 1875. He studied with Wilhelm Windelband in Heidelberg and with Heinrich Rickert in Freiburg, under whom he wrote his dissertation Fichte’s Idealism and History (1902). He later habilitated at Heidelberg, where he became a professor. He died in 1915 in the First World War.

其他主要作品

• Fichte’s Idealism and History (Fichtes Idealismus und die Geschichte, 1902)
• The Logic of Philosophy and the Doctrine of Categories (Die Logik der Philosophie und die Kategorienlehre, 1911)
• The Doctrine of Judgment (Die Lehre vom Urteil, 1912)