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阿杜德丁·伊吉

1281–1355

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伊吉认为，神学在讨论真主、先知和来世之前，必须先建立认识论和一般形而上学；神学家只有在哲学家自己的领域检验他们的论证，才能捍卫艾什尔里派的学说。

定位

伊斯兰世界的哲学 · 西亚与北非 · 宗教, 形而上学, 认识论, 逻辑学

来自设拉子附近伊吉的神学家、法学家和法官，曾在伊儿汗国都城苏丹尼耶的宫廷任职，后在设拉子的因朱王朝治下工作：他的《神学诸站》（站论）把艾什尔里派神学阐述为一门以证明为基础的学问——认识论、一般形而上学、实体与偶性、真主、先知与来世——并始终与哲学家论辩；他临终前完成的简短《阿杜德信条》被注释了数百年。

核心思想

  • 神学是以证明为基础的学问
  • 先有认识论，后有教义
  • 神学之中的一般形而上学
  • 在哲学家自己的领域与他们论辩

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 阿什阿里

    受其影响

    Al-Iji’s Stations and his ʿAdudi Creed defend the doctrines of the Ashʿari school – God’s attributes, the human acquisition of acts created by God, the vision of God – and became the standard late Ashʿari summa. al-Iji, al-Mawāqif fī ʿilm al-kalām; M. Şeyhhasan, Nazariyat 11/2 (on al-Iji’s theological works)

    依据: AI 草稿

    阿什阿里 › 约874–936年

  • 法赫尔丁·拉齐

    受其影响

    In the first book of the Stations al-Iji took over almost unchanged Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s discussion in the Muḥaṣṣal of whether there are indubitable first propositions; the work as a whole continues Razi’s philosophical theology. Marmara University study of al-Jurjani’s Sharḥ al-Mawāqif on necessary knowledge; J. van Ess, Die Erkenntnislehre des ʿAḍudaddīn al-Īcī (1966)

    依据: AI 草稿

    法赫尔丁·拉齐 › 约1150–1210年

影响了 3

  • 赛阿德丁·塔夫塔扎尼

    影响了 ✓

    Al-Taftazani wrote glosses on al-Iji’s commentary on Ibn al-Hajib’s epitome of legal theory; later sources name al-Iji as his most important teacher, which has not been checked here. al-Taftazani, Ḥāshiya ʿalā Sharḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Muntahā; Wikidata (P1066)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    赛阿德丁·塔夫塔扎尼 › 1322–1390

  • 谢里夫·朱尔贾尼

    影响了

    Al-Jurjani’s Commentary on the Stations, completed in Samarqand in April 1405, explains, corrects and extends al-Iji’s Stations of Theology. al-Jurjani, Sharḥ al-Mawāqif (manuscripts Princeton, Garrett 4439Y; New Series 260)

    依据: AI 草稿

    谢里夫·朱尔贾尼 › 1340–1413

  • 贾拉勒丁·达瓦尼

    影响了

    Al-Dawani wrote a commentary on al-Iji’s ʿAdudi Creed that was itself glossed for centuries, among others by Muhammad Abduh. al-Dawani, Sharḥ al-ʿAqāʾid al-ʿAḍudiyya (printed Cairo 1905 with the glosses of al-Siyalkuti and Abduh)

    依据: AI 草稿

    贾拉勒丁·达瓦尼 › 约1426–1502年

作品

  • 约1350年神学诸站（站论）

    分为六“站”的神学大全：导论与认识论、存在的一般问题、偶性、实体、真主，以及先知与来世；它献给设拉子的因朱王朝统治者阿布·伊斯哈格，先详细陈述哲学家的学说再作回应，连同朱尔贾尼的注释成为经学院的核心教材。

  • 1355阿杜德信条

    伊吉临终前不久完成的简短信条；借助达瓦尼的注释以及对它的批注——其中包括穆罕默德·阿布笛1876年的批注——它直到二十世纪仍是教学用书。

立场

Al-Iji is on the map as the author of the Stations of Theology (al-Mawāqif fī ʿilm al-kalām), the summa in which later Ashʿari theology took its standard form. Its six “stations” move from preliminaries and the theory of knowledge through general metaphysics – existence and non-existence, necessity and possibility, unity and multiplicity, cause and effect – and the doctrines of accidents and substances to God, prophecy, the afterlife and the imamate. Theology here is a science based on proof that has absorbed the concepts of the philosophers: al-Iji sets out their arguments at length, often in the form they had received from Ibn Sina, before he answers them, and his theory of knowledge takes over Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s discussion of the foundations of knowledge almost unchanged. The work thus shows how, after al-Ghazali, philosophy continued inside theology rather than ending. Al-Iji defended the doctrines of the Ashʿari school – God’s attributes distinct from his essence, the human “acquisition” of acts created by God, the vision of God in the hereafter – and in his short ʿAdudi Creed he summed them up for teaching. Al-Jurjani’s commentary on the Stations (1405) made the work the summit of the kalām curriculum in Ottoman, Persian and Indian madrasas; al-Dawani’s commentary on the ʿAdudi Creed was still glossed by Muhammad Abduh in 1876. Josef van Ess devoted a study with translation and commentary to the theory of knowledge in the first book of the Stations (1966).

生平与背景

ʿAdud al-Din ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad al-Iji was born around 1281 in Ij, a town near Shiraz in Fars, into a family that traced its descent to Abu Bakr. He studied grammar and the rational sciences in Tabriz and is said to have studied with Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi. Under the patronage of the vizier Rashid al-Din he served as a judge at Sultaniyya, the Ilkhanid capital, and taught in the travelling school that accompanied the court. After the end of Ilkhanid rule he returned to Fars and worked under the Inju ruler Abu Ishaq of Shiraz, to whom he dedicated his Stations of Theology. He was known as the leading Shafiʿi jurist of the region and wrote on legal theory, Arabic rhetoric, ethics and theology. He died in 1355 near Ij.

其他主要作品

  • The Stations of Theology (al-Mawāqif fī ʿilm al-kalām)
  • The ʿAdudi Creed (al-ʿAqāʾid al-ʿAḍudiyya)
  • Commentary on Ibn al-Hajib’s epitome of legal theory (Sharḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Muntahā)
  • The Jewels of Theology (Jawāhir al-kalām)
  • Treatise on Ethics (al-Akhlāq al-ʿAḍudiyya)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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