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韩非子

约公元前280—前233年年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

统治者不能指望人们是善的；只有明确的法律、坚定的权力和高明的控制才能使国家保持秩序。

定位

东亚哲学 · 东亚 · 政治与法

法家：靠法、势、术来治国。

核心思想

  • 法
  • 势
  • 术

老师: 荀子

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 老子

    受其影响

    Two chapters of the Han Feizi, ‘Explaining Laozi’ and ‘Illustrating Laozi’, read the Laozi’s Way and non-action as the ruler’s art of impersonal control; their authorship is debated. Han Feizi, “Jie Lao”, “Yu Lao”; SEP “Legalism in Chinese Philosophy”

    依据: AI 草稿

    老子 › 传说人物

  • 荀子 师从

    师从 后世传述 ✓

    Known only from later tradition: Sima Qian’s Shiji 63 (c. 90 BCE) has Han Fei study under Xunzi together with Li Si; the Han Feizi itself never names Xunzi as his teacher. Sima Qian, Shiji 63; SEP “Han Fei”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    荀子 › 约公元前310—前235年年

批评

受批评于 1

  • 王充

    受其批评

    In ‘Against Han Fei’ Wang Chong objected that Han Feizi’s reliance on law and punishment overlooks that states are sustained by virtue and by cultivated people (Lunheng 29). Wang Chong, Lunheng, ch. 29 ‘Fei Han’, tr. A. Forke, Lun-hêng, 1907–11

    依据: AI 草稿

    王充 › 约27–100年

批评了 1

  • 孔子

    批评了

    Han Feizi counted Confucian scholars among the ‘five vermin’ of the state, arguing that rule by benevolence fails where laws, rewards and punishments are needed (Han Feizi 49–50). Han Feizi, ch. 49 ‘Wudu’, ch. 50 ‘Xianxue’; SEP “Legalism in Chinese Philosophy”

    依据: AI 草稿

    孔子 › 相传 公元前551—前479年

作品

  • 约公元前235年年韩非子

    法家治国术的手册——并附有对《老子》的注释。

立场

Han Feizi is the most important theorist of Chinese Legalism. Building on Xunzi’s view that humans are self-interested, he argued that a state cannot be ruled by virtue or example but only by clear, publicly known laws (fa), backed by consistent rewards and punishments. The ruler must also master techniques (shu) for controlling his officials and maintain his positional power (shi), keeping his own intentions hidden. Tradition should not bind policy, since times change. His ideas helped Qin unify China in 221 BCE and, though officially condemned, continued to shape imperial administration.

生平与背景

Han Fei was a prince of the ruling house of the small state of Han and studied with Xunzi. He reportedly had a stammer and therefore set out his ideas in writing. His essays impressed the king of Qin, the future First Emperor, but on a mission to Qin he was imprisoned through the intrigues of his former fellow student Li Si and died by poison in 233 BCE.

其他主要作品

  • Han Feizi (c. 3rd century BCE)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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