Han Fei
Władcy nie mogą polegać na tym, że ludzie są dobrzy; tylko jasne prawa, stanowcza władza i umiejętna kontrola utrzymują porządek w państwie.
Umiejscowienie
Legizm: rządzenie przez prawo, pozycję władzy i technikę.
Kluczowe idee
- Fa (prawo)
- Shi (władza)
- Shu (technika)
Nauczyciele: Xunzi
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 2
Laozi
pod wpływem
Two chapters of the Han Feizi, ‘Explaining Laozi’ and ‘Illustrating Laozi’, read the Laozi’s Way and non-action as the ruler’s art of impersonal control; their authorship is debated. Han Feizi, “Jie Lao”, “Yu Lao”; SEP “Legalism in Chinese Philosophy”
Źródło: szkic AI
Laozi › postać legendarna
Xunzi nauczyciel(ka)
nauczyciel(ka) późniejsza tradycja ✓
Known only from later tradition: Sima Qian’s Shiji 63 (c. 90 BCE) has Han Fei study under Xunzi together with Li Si; the Han Feizi itself never names Xunzi as his teacher. Sima Qian, Shiji 63; SEP “Han Fei”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Xunzi › ok. 310–235 p.n.e.
Krytyka
Krytyka ze strony 1
Wang Chong
krytyka ze strony
In ‘Against Han Fei’ Wang Chong objected that Han Feizi’s reliance on law and punishment overlooks that states are sustained by virtue and by cultivated people (Lunheng 29). Wang Chong, Lunheng, ch. 29 ‘Fei Han’, tr. A. Forke, Lun-hêng, 1907–11
Źródło: szkic AI
Wang Chong › ok. 27–100
Krytykuje 1
Konfucjusz
krytykuje
Han Feizi counted Confucian scholars among the ‘five vermin’ of the state, arguing that rule by benevolence fails where laws, rewards and punishments are needed (Han Feizi 49–50). Han Feizi, ch. 49 ‘Wudu’, ch. 50 ‘Xianxue’; SEP “Legalism in Chinese Philosophy”
Źródło: szkic AI
Konfucjusz › według tradycji 551–479 p.n.e.
Dzieła
- ok. 235 p.n.e.Han Feizi
Podręcznik legistycznej sztuki rządzenia – z komentarzami do Laozi.
Stanowisko
Han Feizi is the most important theorist of Chinese Legalism. Building on Xunzi’s view that humans are self-interested, he argued that a state cannot be ruled by virtue or example but only by clear, publicly known laws (fa), backed by consistent rewards and punishments. The ruler must also master techniques (shu) for controlling his officials and maintain his positional power (shi), keeping his own intentions hidden. Tradition should not bind policy, since times change. His ideas helped Qin unify China in 221 BCE and, though officially condemned, continued to shape imperial administration.
Życie i kontekst
Han Fei was a prince of the ruling house of the small state of Han and studied with Xunzi. He reportedly had a stammer and therefore set out his ideas in writing. His essays impressed the king of Qin, the future First Emperor, but on a mission to Qin he was imprisoned through the intrigues of his former fellow student Li Si and died by poison in 233 BCE.
Stan na listopad 2026 · Źródła · Ulepsz tę stronę · Jak powstaje Agora