保罗·吉洛伊

作品

• 1987联合王国国旗里没有黑人：种族与民族的文化政治

  由他的伯明翰博士论文发展而成的、关于战后英国种族主义的研究：“种族”是在政治与文化中被造出来的，英国民族主义把黑人界定为国族之外，而从音乐到社会运动的黑人表达文化则对此作出回应。

• 1993黑色大西洋：现代性与双重意识

  关于非洲、美洲和欧洲之间黑人知识分子与音乐的论文——道格拉斯、杜波依斯、理查德·赖特、吉米·亨德里克斯——以贩奴船作为在流动中形成的文化的意象：黑人文化属于现代性，而不属于一个失落的起源，其民族主义和非洲中心的版本重复了种族的逻辑。

立场

Gilroy is on the map as a central theorist of race, nation and diaspora in cultural studies and sociology. There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack (1987) analysed how post-war British racism worked through ideas of nation and culture rather than biology, presenting Black people as alien to an imagined homogeneous Britain, and how Black expressive culture and social movements answered it. The Black Atlantic (1993) argued that Black culture cannot be understood within national or ethnic boundaries: it took shape in the movement of people, ideas and music across the Atlantic – symbolised by the ship – and it belongs to the modernity that slavery made possible, while also criticising it. Reading Douglass’s account of his fight with the slave-breaker Covey against Hegel’s dialectic of master and slave, and Du Bois’s “double consciousness” as the figure of being at once inside and outside the West, he described a counterculture of modernity. Against European nationalism and against an Afrocentrism that seeks a pure African origin alike, he rejected “ethnic absolutism”. In Against Race (2000) he argued that the idea of race itself should be given up in favour of a planetary humanism, and in After Empire (2004; Postcolonial Melancholia in the US) he diagnosed Britain’s inability to mourn the loss of its empire. His concepts of the Black Atlantic and of postcolonial melancholia have been widely taken up; Laura Chrisman (2000) objected that the Black Atlantic centres the anglophone North Atlantic and gives too little weight to Africa and to anti-colonial nationalism.

生平与背景

Paul Gilroy was born on 16 February 1956 in London; his mother, the Guyanese-born novelist and teacher Beryl Gilroy, was one of the first Black head teachers in London. He studied American studies at the University of Sussex and from 1978 belonged to the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in Birmingham, where he co-wrote The Empire Strikes Back (1982) and completed his doctorate under Stuart Hall (1986). He taught at Goldsmiths College in London, at Yale (1999–2005), where he chaired African American studies, and at the London School of Economics, where he held the Anthony Giddens chair of social theory, before moving to King’s College London and in 2019 to University College London, where he founded the Sarah Parker Remond Centre for the Study of Racism and Racialisation. He received the Holberg Prize in 2019.

其他主要作品

• The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain (with the CCCS, 1982)
• There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (1987)
• Small Acts: Thoughts on the Politics of Black Cultures (1993)
• The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness (1993)
• Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line (2000; British edition Between Camps)
• After Empire: Melancholia or Convivial Culture? (2004; US edition Postcolonial Melancholia, 2005)
• Darker than Blue: On the Moral Economies of Black Atlantic Culture (2010)