पॉल गिलरॉय

कृतियाँ

• 1987यूनियन जैक में कोई अश्वेत नहीं है: नस्ल और राष्ट्र की सांस्कृतिक राजनीति

  युद्धोत्तर ब्रिटेन में नस्लवाद का अध्ययन, जो उनके बर्मिंघम के डॉक्टरेट से उपजा: “नस्ल” राजनीति और संस्कृति में बनाई जाती है, ब्रिटिश राष्ट्रवाद अश्वेतों को राष्ट्र से बाहर परिभाषित करता है, और संगीत से सामाजिक आंदोलनों तक अश्वेत अभिव्यंजक संस्कृति उसका उत्तर देती है।

• 1993ब्लैक अटलांटिक: आधुनिकता और द्वैत चेतना

  अफ़्रीका, अमेरिका और यूरोप के बीच अश्वेत बुद्धिजीवियों और संगीत पर निबंध – डगलस, डू बॉइस, रिचर्ड राइट, जिमी हेंड्रिक्स – जो दास-जहाज़ को गति में रची संस्कृति के प्रतीक के रूप में लेते हैं: अश्वेत संस्कृति आधुनिकता की है, किसी खोए उद्गम की नहीं, और उसके राष्ट्रवादी तथा अफ़्रीकाकेंद्रित रूप नस्ल के तर्क को दोहराते हैं।

मत

Gilroy is on the map as a central theorist of race, nation and diaspora in cultural studies and sociology. There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack (1987) analysed how post-war British racism worked through ideas of nation and culture rather than biology, presenting Black people as alien to an imagined homogeneous Britain, and how Black expressive culture and social movements answered it. The Black Atlantic (1993) argued that Black culture cannot be understood within national or ethnic boundaries: it took shape in the movement of people, ideas and music across the Atlantic – symbolised by the ship – and it belongs to the modernity that slavery made possible, while also criticising it. Reading Douglass’s account of his fight with the slave-breaker Covey against Hegel’s dialectic of master and slave, and Du Bois’s “double consciousness” as the figure of being at once inside and outside the West, he described a counterculture of modernity. Against European nationalism and against an Afrocentrism that seeks a pure African origin alike, he rejected “ethnic absolutism”. In Against Race (2000) he argued that the idea of race itself should be given up in favour of a planetary humanism, and in After Empire (2004; Postcolonial Melancholia in the US) he diagnosed Britain’s inability to mourn the loss of its empire. His concepts of the Black Atlantic and of postcolonial melancholia have been widely taken up; Laura Chrisman (2000) objected that the Black Atlantic centres the anglophone North Atlantic and gives too little weight to Africa and to anti-colonial nationalism.

जीवन और संदर्भ

Paul Gilroy was born on 16 February 1956 in London; his mother, the Guyanese-born novelist and teacher Beryl Gilroy, was one of the first Black head teachers in London. He studied American studies at the University of Sussex and from 1978 belonged to the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in Birmingham, where he co-wrote The Empire Strikes Back (1982) and completed his doctorate under Stuart Hall (1986). He taught at Goldsmiths College in London, at Yale (1999–2005), where he chaired African American studies, and at the London School of Economics, where he held the Anthony Giddens chair of social theory, before moving to King’s College London and in 2019 to University College London, where he founded the Sarah Parker Remond Centre for the Study of Racism and Racialisation. He received the Holberg Prize in 2019.

अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ

• The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain (with the CCCS, 1982)
• There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (1987)
• Small Acts: Thoughts on the Politics of Black Cultures (1993)
• The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness (1993)
• Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line (2000; British edition Between Camps)
• After Empire: Melancholia or Convivial Culture? (2004; US edition Postcolonial Melancholia, 2005)
• Darker than Blue: On the Moral Economies of Black Atlantic Culture (2010)