Agora思想的公共广场

玛格丽特·卡文迪什

1623–1673

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

整个自然都是自己能感觉、运动和思考的物质——没有非物质的心灵，也没有无生命的机械。

定位

理性主义 · 北欧 · 形而上学, 科学, 心灵与意识

纽卡斯尔公爵夫人，多产的作家：整个自然都是能感觉、能推理的物质——她反对笛卡尔的非物质心灵、霍布斯的机械论和皇家学会的实验主义者。

核心思想

  • 生机论唯物主义
  • 自行运动、有知觉的物质
  • 对实验哲学的批判

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批评

批评了 2

  • 托马斯·霍布斯 受其影响

    受其影响

    Through her husband’s circle, which included Hobbes, Cavendish shared his view that nature is wholly material, but made matter self-moving and perceptive (Philosophical and Physical Opinions, 1655). M. Cavendish, Philosophical and Physical Opinions (1655); Philosophical Letters (1664); SEP “Margaret Lucas Cavendish”

    依据: AI 草稿

    批评了

    Cavendish rejected Hobbes’s account of perception as pressure transmitted from objects to the organs, holding that perceiving matter patterns the object by its own motions (Philosophical Letters, 1664). M. Cavendish, Philosophical Letters (1664), Part I (letters on Hobbes); SEP “Margaret Lucas Cavendish”

    依据: AI 草稿

    托马斯·霍布斯 › 1588–1679

  • 勒内·笛卡尔

    批评了

    In Philosophical Letters (1664) Cavendish rejected Descartes’ separation of an immaterial mind from inert matter, holding that all matter is self-moving, perceptive and rational. M. Cavendish, Philosophical Letters (1664), Part I; SEP “Margaret Lucas Cavendish”

    依据: AI 草稿

    勒内·笛卡尔 › 1596–1650

作品

  • 1666燃烧的世界

    附在《观察》之后的乌托邦传奇：一位女皇统治着一个由动物人组成的世界，并与其科学家们争论——早期的科幻作品。

  • 1666对实验哲学的观察

    反对皇家学会的显微镜学者：自然是自我认知、自我运动的物质，而不是机器。

立场

Cavendish developed a materialism different from Hobbes’: nature is one infinite, self-moving body, and every part of it has sense and reason, so that matter perceives and knows. Against Descartes she denied an immaterial soul; against mechanism she denied that motion is transferred by impact, arguing that each body moves itself in response to others. Against the experimentalists she argued that microscopes distort rather than reveal. She also wrote on women’s exclusion from learning and public life, sometimes defending it, more often protesting it, and in “The Blazing World” a woman becomes empress of another world. Mocked in her lifetime as “Mad Madge”, she has been rediscovered as an original metaphysician.

生平与背景

Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673), born Margaret Lucas in Essex, went into exile in Paris as maid of honour to Queen Henrietta Maria and there married William Cavendish, later Duke of Newcastle, whose circle included Hobbes, Gassendi and Descartes. Back in England after 1660, she published a dozen books under her own name, and in 1667 became the first woman to attend a meeting of the Royal Society.

其他主要作品

  • Philosophical Letters (1664)
  • Observations upon Experimental Philosophy (1666)
  • The Blazing World (1666)
  • Grounds of Natural Philosophy (1668)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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