阿那克萨戈拉
每一事物中都含有其他一切事物的一份，而一种宇宙的心灵推动了最初的混合物并使之有序。
定位
把哲学带到了雅典；一种安排秩序的心灵（努斯，Nous）使世界运转起来。
核心思想
- 努斯
- 每一事物中都含有一切事物的一份
影响
受影响于 2
阿那克西美尼
受其影响 存在争议
Anaxagoras kept Anaximenes’ flat earth riding on air; the ancient tradition that makes him Anaximenes’ pupil is chronologically doubtful. Aristotle, De caelo II.13, 294b13–21; Diogenes Laertius II.6; SEP “Anaxagoras”
依据: AI 草稿
阿那克西美尼 › 约公元前586—前526年年
巴门尼德
受其影响
Anaxagoras accepted Parmenides’ principle that nothing comes to be or perishes and reinterpreted change as the mixing and separating of ever-existing stuffs (DK 59 B17). Anaxagoras, DK 59 B17; SEP “Anaxagoras”
依据: AI 草稿
巴门尼德 › 约公元前515—前450年年
批评
受批评于 1
卢克莱修
受其批评
Lucretius rejected Anaxagoras’ ‘homoeomeria’ – bone made of tiny bones, blood of tiny drops – and his denial of void and of a limit to division. Lucretius, De rerum natura I.830–920
依据: AI 草稿
卢克莱修 › 约公元前99—前55年年
立场
Like Empedocles, Anaxagoras accepted that nothing truly comes to be or perishes. He held that “in everything there is a portion of everything”: all kinds of stuff are infinitely divisible and mixed together, and things are named after what predominates in them. Order came into this original mixture through nous, mind, which set it in a rotating motion and separated things out; mind alone is unmixed, knows all and rules all. According to Plato’s Phaedo, Socrates was first excited by this idea, then disappointed that Anaxagoras used mind merely as a mechanical starting point rather than explaining why things are as it is best for them to be.
生平与背景
Anaxagoras came from Clazomenae in Ionia and moved to Athens, where he lived for some thirty years as the first philosopher to work there and as a friend of Pericles. Accused of impiety – reportedly for calling the sun a glowing stone – he left for Lampsacus on the Hellespont, where he died. Fragments of his book survive.
主要作品
- On Nature (c. 460 BCE, fragments)
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