Anaksagoras
Wszystko zawiera cząstkę wszystkiego, a kosmiczny Umysł wprawił pierwotną mieszaninę w ruch i ją uporządkował.
Umiejscowienie
Sprowadził filozofię do Aten; porządkujący Umysł (Nous) wprawia świat w ruch.
Kluczowe idee
- Nous
- W każdej rzeczy jest cząstka wszystkiego
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 2
Anaksymenes
pod wpływem sporne
Anaxagoras kept Anaximenes’ flat earth riding on air; the ancient tradition that makes him Anaximenes’ pupil is chronologically doubtful. Aristotle, De caelo II.13, 294b13–21; Diogenes Laertius II.6; SEP “Anaxagoras”
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Anaksymenes › ok. 586–526 p.n.e.
Parmenides
pod wpływem
Anaxagoras accepted Parmenides’ principle that nothing comes to be or perishes and reinterpreted change as the mixing and separating of ever-existing stuffs (DK 59 B17). Anaxagoras, DK 59 B17; SEP “Anaxagoras”
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Parmenides › ok. 515–450 p.n.e.
Wpływ na 1
Sokrates
wpływ na ✓
In Plato’s Phaedo Socrates recalls being excited by Anaxagoras’ claim that mind orders all things, then disappointed that he explained nothing by what is best (97b–99d). Plato, Phaedo 97b–99d; SEP “Anaxagoras”
Sokrates › 470–399 p.n.e.
Krytyka
Krytyka ze strony 1
Lukrecjusz
krytyka ze strony
Lucretius rejected Anaxagoras’ ‘homoeomeria’ – bone made of tiny bones, blood of tiny drops – and his denial of void and of a limit to division. Lucretius, De rerum natura I.830–920
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Lukrecjusz › ok. 99–55 p.n.e.
Stanowisko
Like Empedocles, Anaxagoras accepted that nothing truly comes to be or perishes. He held that “in everything there is a portion of everything”: all kinds of stuff are infinitely divisible and mixed together, and things are named after what predominates in them. Order came into this original mixture through nous, mind, which set it in a rotating motion and separated things out; mind alone is unmixed, knows all and rules all. According to Plato’s Phaedo, Socrates was first excited by this idea, then disappointed that Anaxagoras used mind merely as a mechanical starting point rather than explaining why things are as it is best for them to be.
Życie i kontekst
Anaxagoras came from Clazomenae in Ionia and moved to Athens, where he lived for some thirty years as the first philosopher to work there and as a friend of Pericles. Accused of impiety – reportedly for calling the sun a glowing stone – he left for Lampsacus on the Hellespont, where he died. Fragments of his book survive.
Główne dzieła
- On Nature (c. 460 BCE, fragments)
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