अनक्सागोरस
हर वस्तु में हर वस्तु का एक अंश है, और एक ब्रह्मांडीय मन ने मूल मिश्रण को गति में डाला और उसे व्यवस्थित किया।
पृष्ठभूमि
दर्शन को एथेंस ले आए; एक व्यवस्थापक बुद्धि (नूस) संसार को गति देती है।
मुख्य विचार
- नूस
- हर वस्तु में हर वस्तु का अंश है
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 2
अनाक्सिमेनेस
जिनसे प्रभावित विवादित
Anaxagoras kept Anaximenes’ flat earth riding on air; the ancient tradition that makes him Anaximenes’ pupil is chronologically doubtful. Aristotle, De caelo II.13, 294b13–21; Diogenes Laertius II.6; SEP “Anaxagoras”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अनाक्सिमेनेस › लगभग 586–526 ईसा पूर्व
पारमेनीडेस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Anaxagoras accepted Parmenides’ principle that nothing comes to be or perishes and reinterpreted change as the mixing and separating of ever-existing stuffs (DK 59 B17). Anaxagoras, DK 59 B17; SEP “Anaxagoras”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
पारमेनीडेस › लगभग 515–450 ईसा पूर्व
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1
सुकरात
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
In Plato’s Phaedo Socrates recalls being excited by Anaxagoras’ claim that mind orders all things, then disappointed that he explained nothing by what is best (97b–99d). Plato, Phaedo 97b–99d; SEP “Anaxagoras”
सुकरात › 470–399 ईसा पूर्व
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 1
लुक्रेतिउस
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Lucretius rejected Anaxagoras’ ‘homoeomeria’ – bone made of tiny bones, blood of tiny drops – and his denial of void and of a limit to division. Lucretius, De rerum natura I.830–920
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लुक्रेतिउस › लगभग 99–55 ईसा पूर्व
मत
Like Empedocles, Anaxagoras accepted that nothing truly comes to be or perishes. He held that “in everything there is a portion of everything”: all kinds of stuff are infinitely divisible and mixed together, and things are named after what predominates in them. Order came into this original mixture through nous, mind, which set it in a rotating motion and separated things out; mind alone is unmixed, knows all and rules all. According to Plato’s Phaedo, Socrates was first excited by this idea, then disappointed that Anaxagoras used mind merely as a mechanical starting point rather than explaining why things are as it is best for them to be.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Anaxagoras came from Clazomenae in Ionia and moved to Athens, where he lived for some thirty years as the first philosopher to work there and as a friend of Pericles. Accused of impiety – reportedly for calling the sun a glowing stone – he left for Lampsacus on the Hellespont, where he died. Fragments of his book survive.
प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- On Nature (c. 460 BCE, fragments)
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