أناكساغوراس
كل شيء يحتوي على حصة من كل شيء، وعقل كوني حرّك الخليط الأول ونظّمه.
التموضع
جاء بالفلسفة إلى أثينا؛ عقلٌ منظِّم (النوس) يضع العالم في حركة.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- النوس (العقل)
- في كل شيء نصيبٌ من كل شيء
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 2
أنكسيمانس
تأثّر بـ مختلف عليها
Anaxagoras kept Anaximenes’ flat earth riding on air; the ancient tradition that makes him Anaximenes’ pupil is chronologically doubtful. Aristotle, De caelo II.13, 294b13–21; Diogenes Laertius II.6; SEP “Anaxagoras”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أنكسيمانس › نحو 586–526 ق.م
برمانيدس
تأثّر بـ
Anaxagoras accepted Parmenides’ principle that nothing comes to be or perishes and reinterpreted change as the mixing and separating of ever-existing stuffs (DK 59 B17). Anaxagoras, DK 59 B17; SEP “Anaxagoras”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
برمانيدس › نحو 515–450 ق.م
أثّر في 1
النقد
انتقده 1
لوكريتيوس
انتقده
Lucretius rejected Anaxagoras’ ‘homoeomeria’ – bone made of tiny bones, blood of tiny drops – and his denial of void and of a limit to division. Lucretius, De rerum natura I.830–920
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
لوكريتيوس › نحو 99–55 ق.م
الموقف
Like Empedocles, Anaxagoras accepted that nothing truly comes to be or perishes. He held that “in everything there is a portion of everything”: all kinds of stuff are infinitely divisible and mixed together, and things are named after what predominates in them. Order came into this original mixture through nous, mind, which set it in a rotating motion and separated things out; mind alone is unmixed, knows all and rules all. According to Plato’s Phaedo, Socrates was first excited by this idea, then disappointed that Anaxagoras used mind merely as a mechanical starting point rather than explaining why things are as it is best for them to be.
الحياة والسياق
Anaxagoras came from Clazomenae in Ionia and moved to Athens, where he lived for some thirty years as the first philosopher to work there and as a friend of Pericles. Accused of impiety – reportedly for calling the sun a glowing stone – he left for Lampsacus on the Hellespont, where he died. Fragments of his book survive.
الأعمال الرئيسة
- On Nature (c. 460 BCE, fragments)
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