Orygenes
Pismo ma warstwy znaczenia pod dosłownym, dusze istniały przed narodzinami, a on miał nadzieję, że na końcu wszystkie powrócą do Boga.
Umiejscowienie
Aleksandryjski Ojciec Kościoła: pierwsza systematyczna teologia chrześcijańska, trojakie rozumienie Pisma i nadzieja, że wszystkie dusze powrócą do Boga.
Kluczowe idee
- Trojakie rozumienie Pisma
- Preegzystencja dusz
- Apokatastaza (przywrócenie wszystkiego)
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 2
Platon
pod wpływem
Porphyry reports that Origen was always reading Plato; On First Principles takes up Platonic themes such as God’s incorporeality and the soul’s ascent (Eusebius, Church History VI.19). Eusebius, Church History VI.19 (Porphyry, Against the Christians); Origen, On First Principles I.1; IEP “Origen of Alexandria”
Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO
Platon › 428–348 p.n.e.
Filon z Aleksandrii
pod wpływem
Origen took over Philo’s allegorical reading of Scripture and used his exegesis, naming him only occasionally; Philo’s works survived through Origen’s library at Caesarea. D. T. Runia, Philo in Early Christian Literature (1993); IEP “Philo of Alexandria”
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Filon z Aleksandrii › ok. 20 p.n.e. – 50 n.e.
Wpływ na 2
Jan Szkot Eriugena
wpływ na
Eriugena took up Origen’s doctrine of the return of all things to God in Periphyseon V, qualifying it with Augustinian elements. John Scottus Eriugena, Periphyseon V; D. Heide, ‘Ἀποκατάστασις: The Resolution of Good and Evil in Origen and Eriugena’, Dionysius 33 (2015); SEP “John Scottus Eriugena”
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Jan Szkot Eriugena › ok. 815–877
Erazm z Rotterdamu
wpływ na
Erasmus recommended Origen as an interpreter of Scripture in the Enchiridion (1503) and took up his spiritual exegesis; his edition of Origen appeared in 1536. Erasmus, Enchiridion militis christiani (1503); Origenis opera (Basel, 1536); SEP “Desiderius Erasmus”
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Erazm z Rotterdamu › ok. 1466–1536
Krytyka
Krytyka ze strony 1
Porfiriusz
krytyka ze strony
Porphyry accused Origen of reading Greek philosophy into the Jewish scriptures by allegory and of trading a Greek education for a ‘barbarian’ creed. Porphyry, Against the Christians, in Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica VI.19.4–8
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Porfiriusz › ok. 234–305
Dzieła
- ok. 225O zasadach (De principiis)
Pierwsza systematyczna teologia chrześcijańska: Bóg, upadek istot rozumnych i ich powrót.
Stanowisko
Origen created the first systematic Christian theology. His On First Principles tells a story of departure and return: rational beings created by God fell away from him through negligence and became angels, humans or demons according to the depth of their fall; the visible world is a school that educates them back to God. Because freedom is never lost, he hoped for the restoration of all (apokatastasis). Scripture, like a human being, has body, soul and spirit – a literal, a moral and a spiritual sense. Some of his teachings were condemned centuries later, yet his influence remained immense.
Życie i kontekst
Origen was born around 185 in Alexandria to Christian parents; his father died a martyr around 202. While still young he took charge of instructing converts and lived a strictly ascetic life. After a conflict with his bishop he settled in the early 230s in Caesarea in Palestine and founded a school there. Tortured in the Decian persecution, he died around 253, probably in Tyre.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- On First Principles (De principiis, c. 220–230)
- Commentary on the Gospel of John (begun c. 230)
- Against Celsus (Contra Celsum, c. 248)
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