Paul Feyerabend

Agora

Paul Feyerabend

1924–1994

Pierwsze przybliżeniecelowe uproszczenie – portret mówi więcej

Nie ma jednej metody naukowej: wielkie postępy łamały przyjęte reguły, więc jedyną regułą, która zawsze obowiązuje, jest ironiczne „wszystko ujdzie”.

Umiejscowienie

Filozofia analityczna · Europa Zachodnia · Nauka

„Przeciw metodzie” (1975): żadna reguła metody nie obowiązuje bez wyjątku – ostaje się tylko ironiczne „wszystko ujdzie”; nazwał to anarchizmem epistemologicznym.

Kluczowe idee

Wszystko ujdzie
Pluralizm metodologiczny

Nauczyciele: Karl Popper

Otwórz na mapie gwiazd

Wpływ

Pod wpływem 3

John Stuart Mill

pod wpływem
Feyerabend grounded his principle of proliferation – develop rival theories to test accepted ones – in Mill’s defence of free discussion in On Liberty (Against Method, 1975). P. K. Feyerabend, Against Method (1975); J. S. Mill, On Liberty (1859); SEP “Paul Feyerabend”
Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO
John Stuart Mill › 1806–1873
Ludwig Wittgenstein

pod wpływem
Feyerabend, who had planned to study with Wittgenstein in Cambridge, gave an early long account of the Philosophical Investigations (‘Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations’, 1955). P. K. Feyerabend, “Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations”, Philosophical Review 64 (1955); Killing Time (1995); SEP “Paul Feyerabend”
Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO
Ludwig Wittgenstein › 1889–1951
Thomas Kuhn

pod wpływem
At Berkeley Feyerabend commented on Kuhn’s draft of Structure (letters, 1960–61); both introduced ‘incommensurability’ in 1962, and Feyerabend later criticised Kuhn’s normal science (‘Consolations for the Specialist’, 1970). P. Hoyningen-Huene (ed.), “Two Letters of Paul Feyerabend to Thomas S. Kuhn on a Draft of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 26 (1995); P. K. Feyerabend, “Explanation, Reduction and Empiricism” (1962); “Consolations for the Specialist” (1970); SEP “Paul Feyerabend”
Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO
Thomas Kuhn › 1922–1996

Krytyka

Krytykuje 2

Karl Popper nauczyciel(ka)

nauczyciel(ka) ✓
Feyerabend came to the London School of Economics in 1952–53 on a British Council scholarship to study with Popper – he had hoped to work with Wittgenstein, who died in 1951 – and defended Popper’s views for some years before turning against them. P. Feyerabend, Killing Time (1995)
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
krytykuje
Feyerabend argued that Popper’s falsificationism, applied strictly, would have wiped out science, since every theory conflicts with some known facts (Against Method, 1975, ch. 5). P. Feyerabend, Against Method (1975), ch. 5; “Consolations for the Specialist”, in I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave (eds.), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge (1970)
Źródło: szkic AI
Karl Popper › 1902–1994
Imre Lakatos pod wpływem

pod wpływem ✓
Feyerabend dedicated Against Method (1975) to Lakatos, ‘friend and fellow-anarchist’, as his half of a planned joint debate book, For and Against Method (publ. 1999). P. K. Feyerabend, Against Method (1975); I. Lakatos and P. K. Feyerabend, For and Against Method (ed. M. Motterlini, 1999); SEP “Paul Feyerabend”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata · InPhO
krytykuje
Feyerabend argued that Lakatos’s methodology of research programmes is ‘anarchism in disguise’, since it gives no rule for when a degenerating programme must be abandoned (Against Method, 1975). P. Feyerabend, Against Method (1975), ch. 16 (the book is dedicated to Lakatos); I. Lakatos & P. Feyerabend, For and Against Method (1999)
Źródło: szkic AI
Imre Lakatos › 1922–1974

Dzieła

1975Przeciw metodzie
Wszystko ujdzie: nauka jako przedsięwzięcie anarchistyczne.

Stanowisko

Feyerabend started as a Popperian and became the most provocative critic of scientific method. Studying episodes like Galileo’s defence of Copernicus, he argued that great scientific advances often succeeded precisely because researchers broke the rules philosophers had laid down for them. There is no single method that guarantees progress; if any principle holds in all circumstances it is the deliberately ironic “anything goes.” This epistemological anarchism was meant less as chaos than as a plea for pluralism: competing theories, traditions and ways of life should keep each other honest. Feyerabend also demanded that democratic societies should not leave the authority of science unchecked. His writings remain a challenge to every claim of methodological monopoly.

Życie i kontekst

Feyerabend was born in Vienna in 1924 and was badly wounded as a soldier in the Second World War. After studies in Vienna, where he also pursued singing and theatre, he went to London to work with Popper. From 1958 he taught at Berkeley for more than three decades, later also at ETH Zurich. He wrote a frank autobiography, Killing Time, shortly before his death.