Dipesh Chakrabarty
Europejskie idee są niezbędne, lecz niewystarczające do rozumienia reszty świata – a zmiana klimatu zmusza historyków do myślenia o ludziach jako o sile natury.
Umiejscowienie
Historyk z Chicago, z grupy Subaltern Studies: europejskie pojęcia są „niezbędne i niewystarczające” dla historii niezachodnich – a zmiana klimatu czyni ludzkość siłą geologiczną, zacierając granicę między historią naturalną a ludzką.
Kluczowe idee
- Prowincjonalizowanie Europy
- Historia 1 i Historia 2
- Klimat historii
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 3
Karol Marks
pod wpływem
Chakrabarty took from Marx’s Grundrisse the history posited by capital (‘History 1’) and set against it pasts not belonging to capital’s life-process (‘History 2’) (Provincializing Europe, 2000). D. Chakrabarty, Provincializing Europe (2000); K. Marx, Grundrisse (1857–58; publ. 1939–41)
Źródło: szkic AI
Karol Marks › 1818–1883
Martin Heidegger
pod wpływem
In Provincializing Europe (2000) Chakrabarty paired Marx’s abstract categories with Heidegger’s thinking of belonging and being-in-the-world to write histories of life-worlds not subsumed by capital. D. Chakrabarty, Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference (2000)
Źródło: szkic AI
Martin Heidegger › 1889–1976
Antonio Gramsci
pod wpływem
As a member of the Subaltern Studies collective, named after Gramsci’s ‘subaltern classes’, Chakrabarty studied the limits of class solidarity among Bengal’s jute workers (Rethinking Working-Class History, 1989). D. Chakrabarty, Rethinking Working-Class History: Bengal 1890–1940 (1989); R. Guha (ed.), Subaltern Studies I (1982), preface; A. Gramsci, Quaderni del carcere (1929–35)
Źródło: szkic AI
Antonio Gramsci › 1891–1937
Stanowisko
“Provincializing Europe” asks how to write the history of places like India with concepts – the state, citizenship, capital, progress – that were developed in Europe and claim universal validity. Such concepts, Chakrabarty argues, are “indispensable and inadequate”: indispensable because modern politics everywhere is conducted in their terms, inadequate because they present non-European histories as stories of lack, of a “not yet”, a waiting room of history. Provincialising Europe does not mean rejecting European thought but showing its limits. He pairs Marx, the thinker of abstract universal categories, with Heidegger, the thinker of belonging and lived worlds, and distinguishes the universal history posited by capital (“History 1”) from the many pasts that do not serve its logic (“History 2”). His essay “The Climate of History: Four Theses” turned to climate change, which collapses the old distinction between natural and human history: humans have become a geological force, and historians must now think of humanity also as a species and of the planet as a frame not centred on humans – alongside, not instead of, the history of capitalism and global inequality.
Życie i kontekst
Dipesh Chakrabarty (born 1948 in Calcutta) studied physics at Presidency College, Calcutta, and management at the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta before turning to history; he took his doctorate at the Australian National University in 1984. He was a founding member of the Subaltern Studies collective around Ranajit Guha, which from 1982 rewrote South Asian history from the perspective of subordinated groups. After teaching at the University of Melbourne he moved in 1995 to the University of Chicago, where he is Lawrence A. Kimpton Distinguished Service Professor of History and of South Asian Languages and Civilizations. He received the Toynbee Prize in 2014 and the Tagore Memorial Prize of the Government of West Bengal in 2019.
Główne dzieła
- Rethinking Working-Class History (1989)
- Provincializing Europe (2000)
- Habitations of Modernity (2002)
- The Climate of History: Four Theses (2009)
- The Climate of History in a Planetary Age (2021)
- One Planet, Many Worlds (2023)
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