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Wilhelm Wundt

1832–1920

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Wundt twierdził, że świadomość można badać eksperymentalnie metodami fizjologii, podczas gdy wyższe wytwory życia wspólnotowego – język, mit i obyczaj – wymagają własnej metody historycznej.

Umiejscowienie

Nauki przyrodnicze i nauki o człowieku · Europa Zachodnia · Umysł i świadomość, Nauka

Twórca psychologii eksperymentalnej w Lipsku: jego laboratorium z 1879 roku uchodzi zwykle za pierwsze dla psychologii, a w Völkerpsychologie badał język, mit i obyczaj; Husserl słuchał jego wykładów, Durkheim złożył mu wizytę, a obaj go krytykowali.

Kluczowe idee

  • Eksperymentalna psychologia świadomości
  • Völkerpsychologie: język, mit i obyczaj jako wytwory życia wspólnotowego

Uczniowie: Edmund Husserl

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Wpływ

Wpływ na 1

  • George Herbert Mead

    wpływ na ✓

    During his study in Germany (1888–91) Mead immersed himself in Wundt’s research and took over his account of the gesture. SEP “George Herbert Mead” (M. Aboulafia, S. Taylor), §1 and §2

    Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata

    George Herbert Mead › 1863–1931

Krytyka

Krytyka ze strony 2

  • Émile Durkheim wpływ na

    wpływ na ✓

    During his study year in Germany (1885–86) Durkheim visited Wundt in Leipzig and took the project of an empirical science of morals from the German tradition he found there. Durkheim, “La science positive de la morale en Allemagne”, Revue philosophique 24 (1887), Wundt section; secondary reports on the study year (Berlin, Marburg, Leipzig)

    Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata

    krytyka ze strony

    In his 1887 survey Durkheim criticised the position Wundt takes in the Ethik. Durkheim 1887 (Wundt section, Gallica scan of the Revue philosophique, seen in part); R. T. Hall (tr.), Durkheim, Ethics and the Sociology of Morals (1993)

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Émile Durkheim › 1858–1917

  • Edmund Husserl uczeń/uczennica

    uczeń/uczennica ✓

    Husserl heard Wundt among his philosophy teachers in Leipzig in 1876–78. SEP “Edmund Husserl” (D. Zahavi), §1

    Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata

    krytyka ze strony

    In the Logical Investigations Husserl charged Wundt’s logic with an extreme psychologism. SEP “Wilhelm Wundt” (A. Kim), §7.2 (Husserl 1901)

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Edmund Husserl › 1859–1938

Dzieła

Stanowisko

Wundt is on the map as the founder of experimental psychology. In the Principles of Physiological Psychology (1873–74) he set out a psychology of immediate conscious experience that uses experimental methods and self-observation; consciousness is for him an active process, apperception an act of will (voluntarism), and psychic and physical explanations are irreducible perspectives on one experience. In the ten-volume Völkerpsychologie (1900–20) he studied language, myth and custom as products of communal life with a method complementary to the experimental one. He also wrote on logic, ethics and a System of Philosophy (1889). Husserl studied with him in Leipzig and in the Logical Investigations (1901) charged his logic with an extreme psychologism; Durkheim visited Leipzig during his study year of 1885–86 and criticised the position of Wundt’s Ethics in his survey of 1887, while taking over from the German tradition the project of an empirical science of morals; Mead immersed himself in Wundt’s research during his studies in Germany (1888–91) and took over his account of the gesture. For pragmatism, phenomenology and neo-Kantianism, Wundt’s influence was largely one of opposition.

Życie i kontekst

Wilhelm Wundt was born on 16 August 1832 in Neckarau near Mannheim. He studied medicine in Tübingen and Heidelberg, took his medical doctorate in Heidelberg in 1856 and was assistant to Hermann von Helmholtz from 1858 to 1865. In 1874 he took a chair of inductive philosophy in Zurich and in 1875 a chair of philosophy in Leipzig, where in 1879 his equipment room was recognised as a laboratory, usually counted as the first devoted to psychology. He supervised 186 doctoral dissertations. He died on 31 August 1920 in Großbothen near Leipzig.

Dalsze główne dzieła

  • Principles of Physiological Psychology (Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie, 1873–74)
  • Logic (Logik, 1880–83)
  • Ethics (Ethik, 1886)
  • System of Philosophy (System der Philosophie, 1889)
  • Folk Psychology (Völkerpsychologie, 1900–20)

Źródła: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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