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威廉·冯特

1832–1920

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

冯特认为，意识可以用生理学的方法作实验研究，而共同体生活的更高产物——语言、神话和习俗——则需要它自己的历史方法。

定位

自然科学与人文科学 · 西欧 · 心灵与意识, 科学

莱比锡的实验心理学创始人：他1879年的实验室通常被视为第一个心理学实验室，在《民族心理学》中他研究语言、神话和习俗；胡塞尔听过他的课，涂尔干拜访过他，两人都批评过他。

核心思想

  • 意识的实验心理学
  • 民族心理学：语言、神话和习俗作为共同体生活的产物

学生: 埃德蒙德·胡塞尔

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影响

影响了 1

  • 乔治·赫伯特·米德

    影响了 ✓

    During his study in Germany (1888–91) Mead immersed himself in Wundt’s research and took over his account of the gesture. SEP “George Herbert Mead” (M. Aboulafia, S. Taylor), §1 and §2

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    乔治·赫伯特·米德 › 1863–1931

批评

受批评于 2

  • 埃米尔·涂尔干 影响了

    影响了 ✓

    During his study year in Germany (1885–86) Durkheim visited Wundt in Leipzig and took the project of an empirical science of morals from the German tradition he found there. Durkheim, “La science positive de la morale en Allemagne”, Revue philosophique 24 (1887), Wundt section; secondary reports on the study year (Berlin, Marburg, Leipzig)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    受其批评

    In his 1887 survey Durkheim criticised the position Wundt takes in the Ethik. Durkheim 1887 (Wundt section, Gallica scan of the Revue philosophique, seen in part); R. T. Hall (tr.), Durkheim, Ethics and the Sociology of Morals (1993)

    依据: AI 草稿

    埃米尔·涂尔干 › 1858–1917

  • 埃德蒙德·胡塞尔 教过

    教过 ✓

    Husserl heard Wundt among his philosophy teachers in Leipzig in 1876–78. SEP “Edmund Husserl” (D. Zahavi), §1

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    受其批评

    In the Logical Investigations Husserl charged Wundt’s logic with an extreme psychologism. SEP “Wilhelm Wundt” (A. Kim), §7.2 (Husserl 1901)

    依据: AI 草稿

    埃德蒙德·胡塞尔 › 1859–1938

作品

  • 1874生理心理学原理

    借助生理学的意识实验心理学纲领；出版于1873—1874年，不久之后冯特便被召往莱比锡。

  • 1900民族心理学

    十卷本著作（1900—1920年），研究诸民族在语言、神话和习俗中显现的集体精神生活；冯特将其设计为与实验方法互补的方法。

立场

Wundt is on the map as the founder of experimental psychology. In the Principles of Physiological Psychology (1873–74) he set out a psychology of immediate conscious experience that uses experimental methods and self-observation; consciousness is for him an active process, apperception an act of will (voluntarism), and psychic and physical explanations are irreducible perspectives on one experience. In the ten-volume Völkerpsychologie (1900–20) he studied language, myth and custom as products of communal life with a method complementary to the experimental one. He also wrote on logic, ethics and a System of Philosophy (1889). Husserl studied with him in Leipzig and in the Logical Investigations (1901) charged his logic with an extreme psychologism; Durkheim visited Leipzig during his study year of 1885–86 and criticised the position of Wundt’s Ethics in his survey of 1887, while taking over from the German tradition the project of an empirical science of morals; Mead immersed himself in Wundt’s research during his studies in Germany (1888–91) and took over his account of the gesture. For pragmatism, phenomenology and neo-Kantianism, Wundt’s influence was largely one of opposition.

生平与背景

Wilhelm Wundt was born on 16 August 1832 in Neckarau near Mannheim. He studied medicine in Tübingen and Heidelberg, took his medical doctorate in Heidelberg in 1856 and was assistant to Hermann von Helmholtz from 1858 to 1865. In 1874 he took a chair of inductive philosophy in Zurich and in 1875 a chair of philosophy in Leipzig, where in 1879 his equipment room was recognised as a laboratory, usually counted as the first devoted to psychology. He supervised 186 doctoral dissertations. He died on 31 August 1920 in Großbothen near Leipzig.

其他主要作品

  • Principles of Physiological Psychology (Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie, 1873–74)
  • Logic (Logik, 1880–83)
  • Ethics (Ethik, 1886)
  • System of Philosophy (System der Philosophie, 1889)
  • Folk Psychology (Völkerpsychologie, 1900–20)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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