Madhwa Anandatirtha

Agora

Madhwa Anandatirtha

ok. 1238–1317

Pierwsze przybliżeniecelowe uproszczenie – portret mówi więcej

Bóg, dusze i świat są naprawdę i na zawsze różne od siebie – wbrew poglądowi, że wszystko jest ostatecznie jednym.

Umiejscowienie

Filozofia południowoazjatycka i tybetańska · Azja Południowa · Metafizyka, Religia

Założyciel Dvaita Vedanty: przeciw Śankarze nauczał, że Bóg, dusze i świat są naprawdę i na wieki odrębne.

Kluczowe idee

Dvaita (dualizm)
Pięciokrotna różnica
Realność świata

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Wpływ

Pod wpływem 1

Yajnavalkya

pod wpływem
Madhva commented on the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, which preserves Yajnavalkya’s teaching, among the ten principal Upanishads, and read it in support of a real difference between God and selves. Madhva, Brihadaranyakopanishad-bhashya; B. N. K. Sharma, History of the Dvaita School of Vedanta and Its Literature (1960)
Źródło: szkic AI
Yajnavalkya › według tradycji ok. 800–720 p.n.e.

Krytyka

Krytykuje 1

Adi Śankara

krytykuje
Madhva rejected Shankara’s non-dualism, holding the difference between God, selves and matter to be real and eternal (Mayavadakhandana; Vishnutattvavinirnaya). Madhva, Māyāvādakhaṇḍana; Viṣṇutattvavinirṇaya; B. N. K. Sharma, History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta, 1960
Źródło: szkic AI
Adi Śankara › ok. 700–750 · datowane umownie 788–820

Dzieła

ok. 1285Brahma Sutra Bhashya
Komentarz Madhwy do Brahmasutr: Brahman, dusze i świat są wiecznie odrębne.

Stanowisko

Madhva founded Dvaita (“dualist”) Vedanta, the sharpest counter-position to Shankara’s non-dualism. For him the world is no illusion but real, and difference belongs to the nature of reality. He taught a fivefold difference: between God and souls, God and matter, one soul and another, souls and matter, and one material thing and another. God – Vishnu – alone is independent; souls and world exist only in dependence on him. Souls differ in rank by nature; liberation comes through devotion (bhakti), knowledge and above all God’s grace, yet never dissolves the soul into God. Unusually in Indian thought, he held that some souls are never liberated.

Życie i kontekst

Madhva, also called Madhvacharya or Anandatirtha, was born, according to the traditional dating, in 1238 near Udupi on the south-west coast of India. He became a monk in his youth but soon broke with the Advaita teaching of his teacher. He travelled widely, debated with rival schools and is credited with founding the Krishna temple at Udupi and its monasteries. Tradition says he vanished in 1317 while teaching.