مادهفاتشاريا

الأعمال

• نحو 1285براهماسوترا بهاشيا

  شرح مادهفا على براهما سوترا: براهمان والأرواح والعالم متمايزة أبدًا.

الموقف

Madhva founded Dvaita (“dualist”) Vedanta, the sharpest counter-position to Shankara’s non-dualism. For him the world is no illusion but real, and difference belongs to the nature of reality. He taught a fivefold difference: between God and souls, God and matter, one soul and another, souls and matter, and one material thing and another. God – Vishnu – alone is independent; souls and world exist only in dependence on him. Souls differ in rank by nature; liberation comes through devotion (bhakti), knowledge and above all God’s grace, yet never dissolves the soul into God. Unusually in Indian thought, he held that some souls are never liberated.

الحياة والسياق

Madhva, also called Madhvacharya or Anandatirtha, was born, according to the traditional dating, in 1238 near Udupi on the south-west coast of India. He became a monk in his youth but soon broke with the Advaita teaching of his teacher. He travelled widely, debated with rival schools and is credited with founding the Krishna temple at Udupi and its monasteries. Tradition says he vanished in 1317 while teaching.

أعمال رئيسة أخرى

• Commentary on the Brahma Sutras (Brahma Sutra Bhashya, late 13th century)
• Anuvyakhyana (verse commentary on the Brahma Sutras, late 13th century)
• Commentary on the Bhagavad Gita (Gita Bhashya, 13th century)
• Ascertainment of the Truth about Vishnu (Vishnutattvavinirnaya, 13th century)